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<title data-rh="true">Practice exam C | mf</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://blog.mfocko.xyz/c/pexam/cams/"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-c-current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-c-current"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Practice exam C | mf"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Stalking cars…
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theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><h1>Watching Cams</h1>
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<div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-caution admonition_xJq3 alert alert--warning"><div class="admonitionHeading_Gvgb"><span class="admonitionIcon_Rf37"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>Exam environment</div><div class="admonitionContent_BuS1"><ul>
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<li>During the exam you will be provided with a barebone <em>exam session</em> on the
|
||
<em>faculty computers</em>.</li>
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<li>In browser you are only allowed to have the following tabs open:<!-- -->
|
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://en.cppreference.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">C documentation</a></li>
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<li>page containing the assignment</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>You <strong>are not</strong> allowed to use your own source code, e.g. prepared beforehand
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or from the seminars.</li>
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<li>You have <strong>5 minutes</strong> to read through the assignment and ask any follow-up
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questions should be there something unclear.</li>
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<li>You have <strong>60 minutes</strong> to work on the assignment, afterward your work will be
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discussed with your seminar tutor.</li>
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</ul></div></div>
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<p>Your task is to write a program <code>cams</code> that will be processing input from the
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cams that are capable of identifying license plates on the cars and then
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print out summary based on the input data. Your contributions to the society are
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very much appreciated and may (or may not) be used for (each or none) of the
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following purposes<sup><a href="#user-content-fn-1" id="user-content-fnref-1" data-footnote-ref="true" aria-describedby="footnote-label">1</a></sup>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>stalking people leaving and coming back home,</li>
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<li>retroactively making people pay for the parking,</li>
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<li>providing evidence of people speeding on highways,</li>
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<li>tracking people that don't pay tolls, or</li>
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<li>convict employees leaving the work prematurely.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="format-of-the-input-file">Format of the input file<a href="#format-of-the-input-file" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Format of the input file" title="Direct link to Format of the input file"></a></h2>
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<p>Input for your program consists of the data from the cameras. You will be given
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the data from the cameras as a path to a file and user should also be able to
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specify <code>-</code> (i.e. <code>stdin</code>) as the path.</p>
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<p>Each “scan” (i.e. reading) of the cameras consists of the following data:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><em>camera ID</em>: non-negative integer identifying a camera</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><em>plate</em>: string of unknown length that can consist of any characters apart
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from whitespace</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><em>timestamp</em>: date and time of the scan as an unsigned integer (represented as
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a UNIX time)</p>
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<div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-tip admonition_xJq3 alert alert--success"><div class="admonitionHeading_Gvgb"><span class="admonitionIcon_Rf37"><svg viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>tip</div><div class="admonitionContent_BuS1"><p>When programming on UN*X(-like) systems, you can assume that the <code>time_t</code>
|
||
structure from the system header <code>time.h</code> <strong>is</strong> the <code>unsigned int</code> that you
|
||
are provided in the input file.</p></div></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
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<p>And they are compiled into one reading such as:</p>
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<p>camera_ID: plate timestamp</p>
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<p>There should be always <strong>at least one</strong> space in between each part of the
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reading. Readings are separated by the commas, which may, but don't have to, be
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||
accompanied by whitespace around.</p>
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||
<h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="examples">Examples<a href="#examples" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Examples" title="Direct link to Examples"></a></h4>
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<p>Few examples of the data from the cameras follow</p>
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||
<div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-background-color:hsl(230, 1%, 98%);--prism-color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="background-color:hsl(230, 1%, 98%);color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain">10: ABC-12-34 1664608712, 289: XYZ-98-76 1665416417,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain">25: ABC-12-34 1633078256 , 42: TryToCatchMe 1671602419,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain">11: EL9-987 1679541338 ,2 : Foo-666 1683170082,42: YourMum 1683170082,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain">42: TryToCatchMe 1671602419 , 1234: TryToCatchMe 1671602419,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain">19: ABC-12-34 1664659649, 69:YouShould-not-pLaCe-4ny-expectations%on^the(input 1680307994,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain">9 : 9B9-161 1665416417 , 10: 1a1-999 1671602419,1:lmao 1633078256,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain">16: ABC-12-34 1664609012</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="format-of-the-output">Format of the output<a href="#format-of-the-output" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Format of the output" title="Direct link to Format of the output"></a></h2>
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||
<div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-info admonition_xJq3 alert alert--info"><div class="admonitionHeading_Gvgb"><span class="admonitionIcon_Rf37"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"></path></svg></span>info</div><div class="admonitionContent_BuS1"><p>All the examples consider using data from the example of the input.</p></div></div>
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<p>You are expected to print out the dates and cameras that has captured the
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license plate for each of them (in a sorted fashion).</p>
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<p>If there are multiple scans present and the timespan (i.e. time difference
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between the scans is bigger than 60 minutes, you should separate them by a
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||
newline). For example:</p>
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<div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-background-color:hsl(230, 1%, 98%);--prism-color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="background-color:hsl(230, 1%, 98%);color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain">*** ABC-12-34 ***</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain"> 25: Fri Oct 1 10:50:56 2021</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain"> 10: Sat Oct 1 09:18:32 2022</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain"> 16: Sat Oct 1 09:23:32 2022</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:hsl(230, 8%, 24%)"><span class="token plain"> 19: Sat Oct 1 23:27:29 2022</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
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<div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-tip admonition_xJq3 alert alert--success"><div class="admonitionHeading_Gvgb"><span class="admonitionIcon_Rf37"><svg viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>tip</div><div class="admonitionContent_BuS1"><p>Since you are given the timestamp in a <code>time_t</code> compatible type on UN*X, you
|
||
can safely use <code>ctime(3)</code> for printing the timestamp as a <em>human readable</em> time
|
||
when outputting the date and time.</p></div></div>
|
||
<div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-tip admonition_xJq3 alert alert--success"><div class="admonitionHeading_Gvgb"><span class="admonitionIcon_Rf37"><svg viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>tip</div><div class="admonitionContent_BuS1"><p>For a better readability you can include one more newline after the last line
|
||
of the output.</p></div></div>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="example-usage">Example usage<a href="#example-usage" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Example usage" title="Direct link to Example usage"></a></h2>
|
||
<p>You can also have a look at example usage of your program. We can run your
|
||
program from the shell like</p>
|
||
<p>$ ./cams example_1.txt</p>
|
||
<p>And it will produce an output:</p>
|
||
<p>*** ABC-12-34 ***
|
||
25: Fri Oct 1 10:50:56 2021</p>
|
||
<p>10: Sat Oct 1 09:18:32 2022
|
||
16: Sat Oct 1 09:23:32 2022</p>
|
||
<p>19: Sat Oct 1 23:27:29 2022</p>
|
||
<p>*** EL9-987 ***
|
||
11: Thu Mar 23 04:15:38 2023</p>
|
||
<p>*** Foo-666 ***
|
||
2: Thu May 4 05:14:42 2023</p>
|
||
<p>*** TryToCatchMe ***
|
||
42: Wed Dec 21 07:00:19 2022
|
||
42: Wed Dec 21 07:00:19 2022
|
||
1234: Wed Dec 21 07:00:19 2022</p>
|
||
<p>*** XYZ-98-76 ***
|
||
289: Mon Oct 10 17:40:17 2022</p>
|
||
<p>*** YouShould-not-pLaCe-4ny-expectations%on^the(input ***
|
||
69: Sat Apr 1 02:13:14 2023</p>
|
||
<p>*** YourMum ***
|
||
42: Thu May 4 05:14:42 2023</p>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="requirements-and-notes">Requirements and notes<a href="#requirements-and-notes" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Requirements and notes" title="Direct link to Requirements and notes"></a></h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Define <strong>structures</strong> (and <strong>enumerations</strong>, if applicable) for the parsed
|
||
information from the files.</li>
|
||
<li>For keeping the “records”, use some <strong>dynamic</strong> data structure.<!-- -->
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Don't forget to consider pros and cons of using <em>specific</em> data structures
|
||
before going through implementing.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>You <strong>are not required</strong> to produce 1:1 output to the provided examples, they
|
||
are just a hint to not waste your time tinkering with a user experience.</li>
|
||
<li>If any of the operations on the input files should fail,
|
||
<strong>you are expected to</strong> handle the situation <em>accordingly</em>.</li>
|
||
<li>Failures of any other common functions (e.g. functions used for memory
|
||
management) should be handled in <strong>the same way</strong> as they were in the
|
||
homeworks and seminars.</li>
|
||
<li>Your program <strong>must free</strong> all the resources before exiting.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<section data-footnotes="true" class="footnotes"><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7 sr-only" id="footnote-label">Footnotes<a href="#footnote-label" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Footnotes" title="Direct link to Footnotes"></a></h2>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li id="user-content-fn-1">
|
||
<p>Subject to NDA. <a href="#user-content-fnref-1" data-footnote-backref="" aria-label="Back to reference 1" class="data-footnote-backref">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</section></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/mfocko/blog/tree/main/c/pexam/c-cams.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_vwxv"><span class="theme-last-updated">Last updated<!-- --> on <b><time datetime="2023-05-07T00:00:00.000Z">May 7, 2023</time></b></span></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/c/pexam/garbage_collect/"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div 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