mfocko/blog
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/mfocko/blog.git synced 2024-12-23 04:41:31 +01:00
Code Issues Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions
blog/algorithms/graphs/bfs-tree/index.html
github-actions[bot] 0625929af4 deploy: 22a6099236
2024-06-19 16:09:34 +00:00

54 lines
No EOL
83 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" class="docs-wrapper plugin-docs plugin-id-algorithms docs-version-current docs-doc-page docs-doc-id-graphs/bfs-tree" data-has-hydrated="false">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v3.1.1">
<title data-rh="true">Distance boundaries from BFS tree on undirected graphs | mf</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://blog.mfocko.xyz/algorithms/graphs/bfs-tree/"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-algorithms-current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-algorithms-current"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Distance boundaries from BFS tree on undirected graphs | mf"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Short explanation of distance boundaries deduced from a BFS tree.
"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Short explanation of distance boundaries deduced from a BFS tree.
"><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://blog.mfocko.xyz/algorithms/graphs/bfs-tree/"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://blog.mfocko.xyz/algorithms/graphs/bfs-tree/" hreflang="en"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://blog.mfocko.xyz/algorithms/graphs/bfs-tree/" hreflang="x-default"><link data-rh="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://0VXRFPR4QF-dsn.algolia.net" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="mf" href="/opensearch.xml">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/blog/rss.xml" title="mf RSS Feed">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/blog/atom.xml" title="mf Atom Feed">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="/blog/feed.json" title="mf JSON Feed">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.13.24/dist/katex.min.css" integrity="sha384-odtC+0UGzzFL/6PNoE8rX/SPcQDXBJ+uRepguP4QkPCm2LBxH3FA3y+fKSiJ+AmM" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/styles.525e8c38.css">
<script src="/assets/js/runtime~main.b26254cc.js" defer="defer"></script>
<script src="/assets/js/main.8dc1a0ec.js" defer="defer"></script>
</head>
<body class="navigation-with-keyboard">
<script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=function(){try{return new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("docusaurus-theme")}catch(t){}}()||function(){try{return localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}}();t(null!==e?e:"light")}(),function(){try{const c=new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).entries();for(var[t,e]of c)if(t.startsWith("docusaurus-data-")){var a=t.replace("docusaurus-data-","data-");document.documentElement.setAttribute(a,e)}}catch(t){}}()</script><div id="__docusaurus"><div role="region" aria-label="Skip to main content"><a class="skipToContent_fXgn" href="#__docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback">Skip to main content</a></div><nav aria-label="Main" class="navbar navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><button aria-label="Toggle navigation bar" aria-expanded="false" class="navbar__toggle clean-btn" type="button"><svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></button><a class="navbar__brand" href="/"><b class="navbar__title text--truncate">mf</b></a><div class="navbar__item dropdown dropdown--hoverable"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="button" class="navbar__link">Additional FI MU materials</a><ul class="dropdown__menu"><li><a aria-current="page" class="dropdown__link dropdown__link--active" href="/algorithms/">Algorithms</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/c/">C</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/cpp/">C++</a></li></ul></div><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/contributions/">Contributions</a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/talks/">Talks</a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/blog/">Blog</a><div class="toggle_vylO colorModeToggle_DEke"><button class="clean-btn toggleButton_gllP toggleButtonDisabled_aARS" type="button" disabled="" title="Switch between dark and light mode (currently light mode)" aria-label="Switch between dark and light mode (currently light mode)" aria-live="polite"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="lightToggleIcon_pyhR"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12,9c1.65,0,3,1.35,3,3s-1.35,3-3,3s-3-1.35-3-3S10.35,9,12,9 M12,7c-2.76,0-5,2.24-5,5s2.24,5,5,5s5-2.24,5-5 S14.76,7,12,7L12,7z M2,13l2,0c0.55,0,1-0.45,1-1s-0.45-1-1-1l-2,0c-0.55,0-1,0.45-1,1S1.45,13,2,13z M20,13l2,0c0.55,0,1-0.45,1-1 s-0.45-1-1-1l-2,0c-0.55,0-1,0.45-1,1S19.45,13,20,13z M11,2v2c0,0.55,0.45,1,1,1s1-0.45,1-1V2c0-0.55-0.45-1-1-1S11,1.45,11,2z M11,20v2c0,0.55,0.45,1,1,1s1-0.45,1-1v-2c0-0.55-0.45-1-1-1C11.45,19,11,19.45,11,20z M5.99,4.58c-0.39-0.39-1.03-0.39-1.41,0 c-0.39,0.39-0.39,1.03,0,1.41l1.06,1.06c0.39,0.39,1.03,0.39,1.41,0s0.39-1.03,0-1.41L5.99,4.58z M18.36,16.95 c-0.39-0.39-1.03-0.39-1.41,0c-0.39,0.39-0.39,1.03,0,1.41l1.06,1.06c0.39,0.39,1.03,0.39,1.41,0c0.39-0.39,0.39-1.03,0-1.41 L18.36,16.95z M19.42,5.99c0.39-0.39,0.39-1.03,0-1.41c-0.39-0.39-1.03-0.39-1.41,0l-1.06,1.06c-0.39,0.39-0.39,1.03,0,1.41 s1.03,0.39,1.41,0L19.42,5.99z M7.05,18.36c0.39-0.39,0.39-1.03,0-1.41c-0.39-0.39-1.03-0.39-1.41,0l-1.06,1.06 c-0.39,0.39-0.39,1.03,0,1.41s1.03,0.39,1.41,0L7.05,18.36z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="darkToggleIcon_wfgR"><path fill="currentColor" d="M9.37,5.51C9.19,6.15,9.1,6.82,9.1,7.5c0,4.08,3.32,7.4,7.4,7.4c0.68,0,1.35-0.09,1.99-0.27C17.45,17.19,14.93,19,12,19 c-3.86,0-7-3.14-7-7C5,9.07,6.81,6.55,9.37,5.51z M12,3c-4.97,0-9,4.03-9,9s4.03,9,9,9s9-4.03,9-9c0-0.46-0.04-0.92-0.1-1.36 c-0.98,1.37-2.58,2.26-4.4,2.26c-2.98,0-5.4-2.42-5.4-5.4c0-1.81,0.89-3.42,2.26-4.4C12.92,3.04,12.46,3,12,3L12,3z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="navbarSearchContainer_Bca1"><button type="button" class="DocSearch DocSearch-Button" aria-label="Search"><span class="DocSearch-Button-Container"><svg width="20" height="20" class="DocSearch-Search-Icon" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M14.386 14.386l4.0877 4.0877-4.0877-4.0877c-2.9418 2.9419-7.7115 2.9419-10.6533 0-2.9419-2.9418-2.9419-7.7115 0-10.6533 2.9418-2.9419 7.7115-2.9419 10.6533 0 2.9419 2.9418 2.9419 7.7115 0 10.6533z" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg><span class="DocSearch-Button-Placeholder">Search</span></span><span class="DocSearch-Button-Keys"></span></button></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div></nav><div id="__docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback" class="main-wrapper mainWrapper_z2l0"><div class="docsWrapper_hBAB"><button aria-label="Scroll back to top" class="clean-btn theme-back-to-top-button backToTopButton_sjWU" type="button"></button><div class="docRoot_UBD9"><aside class="theme-doc-sidebar-container docSidebarContainer_YfHR"><div class="sidebarViewport_aRkj"><div class="sidebar_njMd"><nav aria-label="Docs sidebar" class="menu thin-scrollbar menu_SIkG"><ul class="theme-doc-sidebar-menu menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/algorithms/">Introduction</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" aria-expanded="false" href="/algorithms/category/algorithms-and-correctness/">Algorithms and Correctness</a><button aria-label="Expand sidebar category &#x27;Algorithms and Correctness&#x27;" type="button" class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" aria-expanded="false" href="/algorithms/category/asymptotic-notation-and-time-complexity/">Asymptotic Notation and Time Complexity</a><button aria-label="Expand sidebar category &#x27;Asymptotic Notation and Time Complexity&#x27;" type="button" class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" aria-expanded="false" href="/algorithms/category/recursion/">Recursion</a><button aria-label="Expand sidebar category &#x27;Recursion&#x27;" type="button" class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" aria-expanded="false" href="/algorithms/category/red-black-trees/">Red-Black Trees</a><button aria-label="Expand sidebar category &#x27;Red-Black Trees&#x27;" type="button" class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--active" aria-expanded="true" href="/algorithms/category/graphs/">Graphs</a><button aria-label="Collapse sidebar category &#x27;Graphs&#x27;" type="button" class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/algorithms/graphs/iterative-and-iterators/">Iterative algorithms via iterators</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link menu__link--active" aria-current="page" tabindex="0" href="/algorithms/graphs/bfs-tree/">Distance boundaries from BFS tree on undirected graphs</a></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" aria-expanded="false" href="/algorithms/category/paths-in-graphs/">Paths in Graphs</a><button aria-label="Expand sidebar category &#x27;Paths in Graphs&#x27;" type="button" class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" aria-expanded="false" href="/algorithms/category/hash-tables/">Hash Tables</a><button aria-label="Expand sidebar category &#x27;Hash Tables&#x27;" type="button" class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></li></ul></nav><button type="button" title="Collapse sidebar" aria-label="Collapse sidebar" class="button button--secondary button--outline collapseSidebarButton_PEFL"><svg width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="collapseSidebarButtonIcon_kv0_"><g fill="#7a7a7a"><path d="M9.992 10.023c0 .2-.062.399-.172.547l-4.996 7.492a.982.982 0 01-.828.454H1c-.55 0-1-.453-1-1 0-.2.059-.403.168-.551l4.629-6.942L.168 3.078A.939.939 0 010 2.528c0-.548.45-.997 1-.997h2.996c.352 0 .649.18.828.45L9.82 9.472c.11.148.172.347.172.55zm0 0"></path><path d="M19.98 10.023c0 .2-.058.399-.168.547l-4.996 7.492a.987.987 0 01-.828.454h-3c-.547 0-.996-.453-.996-1 0-.2.059-.403.168-.551l4.625-6.942-4.625-6.945a.939.939 0 01-.168-.55 1 1 0 01.996-.997h3c.348 0 .649.18.828.45l4.996 7.492c.11.148.168.347.168.55zm0 0"></path></g></svg></button></div></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_TBSr"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="docItemContainer_Djhp"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="/algorithms/category/graphs/"><span itemprop="name">Graphs</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Distance boundaries from BFS tree on undirected graphs</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Distance boundaries from BFS tree on undirected graphs</h1></header><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="introduction">Introduction<a href="#introduction" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Introduction" title="Direct link to Introduction">​</a></h2>
<p>As we have talked on the seminar, if we construct from some vertex <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">u</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.4306em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span></span></span></span> BFS tree on an undirected graph, we can obtain:</p>
<ul>
<li>lower bound of length of the shortest path between 2 vertices from the <em>height difference</em></li>
<li>upper bound of length of the shortest path between 2 vertices from the <em>path through the root</em></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="lower-bound">Lower bound<a href="#lower-bound" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Lower bound" title="Direct link to Lower bound">​</a></h2>
<p>Consider the following graph:</p>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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#gh-light-mode-only" width="252" height="539" class="img_ev3q">
<img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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#gh-dark-mode-only" width="252" height="539" class="img_ev3q"></p>
<p>We run BFS from the vertex <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">a</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.4306em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span></span></span></span> and obtain the following BFS tree:</p>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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#gh-light-mode-only" width="275" height="347" class="img_ev3q">
<img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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#gh-dark-mode-only" width="275" height="347" class="img_ev3q"></p>
<p>Let&#x27;s consider pair of vertices <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">e</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.4306em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span></span></span></span> and <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">h</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span></span></span></span>. For them we can safely lay, from the BFS tree, following properties:</p>
<ul>
<li>lower bound: <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6444em"></span><span class="mord">2</span></span></span></span></li>
<li>upper bound: <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">4</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6444em"></span><span class="mord">4</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p>By having a look at the graph we started from, we can see that we have a path ‹<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>e</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>j</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>h</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">e, j, h</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span></span></span></span>› that has a length 2. Apart from that we can also notice there is another path from <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">e</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.4306em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span></span></span></span> to <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">h</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span></span></span></span> and that is ‹<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>e</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>a</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>c</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>i</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>d</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>h</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">e, a, c, i, d, h</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span></span></span></span>›. And that path has a length of <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">5</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6444em"></span><span class="mord">5</span></span></span></span>. Doesn&#x27;t this break our statements at the beginning? (<em>I&#x27;m leaving that as an exercise ;)</em>)</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="proof-by-contradiction">Proof by contradiction<a href="#proof-by-contradiction" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Proof by contradiction" title="Direct link to Proof by contradiction">​</a></h2>
<p>Let&#x27;s keep the same graph, but break the lower bound, i.e. I have gotten a lower bound <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6444em"></span><span class="mord">2</span></span></span></span>, but “there must be a shorter path”! ;)</p>
<p>Now the more important question, is there a shorter path in that graph? The answer is no, there&#x27;s no shorter path than the one with length <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6444em"></span><span class="mord">2</span></span></span></span>. So what can we do about it? We&#x27;ll add an edge to have a shorter path. Now we have gotten a lower bound of <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6444em"></span><span class="mord">2</span></span></span></span>, which means the only shorter path we can construct has <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">1</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6444em"></span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span> edge and that is ‹<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>e</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>h</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">e, h</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span></span></span></span>› (no intermediary vertices). Let&#x27;s do this!</p>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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#gh-light-mode-only" width="252" height="539" class="img_ev3q">
<img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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#gh-dark-mode-only" width="252" height="539" class="img_ev3q"></p>
<p>Okay, so we have a graph that breaks the rule we have laid. However, we need to run BFS to obtain the new BFS tree, since we have changed the graph.</p>
<div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-tip admonition_xJq3 alert alert--success"><div class="admonitionHeading_Gvgb"><span class="admonitionIcon_Rf37"><svg viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>tip</div><div class="admonitionContent_BuS1"><p>Do we need to run BFS after <strong>every</strong> change?</p><p>­I am leaving that as an exercise ;)</p></div></div>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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#gh-light-mode-only" width="371" height="347" class="img_ev3q">
<img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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#gh-dark-mode-only" width="371" height="347" class="img_ev3q"></p>
<p>Oops, we have gotten a new BFS tree, that has a height difference of 1.</p>
<div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-tip admonition_xJq3 alert alert--success"><div class="admonitionHeading_Gvgb"><span class="admonitionIcon_Rf37"><svg viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>tip</div><div class="admonitionContent_BuS1"><p>Try to think about a way this can be generalized for shortening of minimal length 3 to minimal length 2 ;)</p></div></div></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-tags-row row margin-bottom--sm"><div class="col"><b>Tags:</b><ul class="tags_jXut padding--none margin-left--sm"><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/algorithms/tags/graphs/">graphs</a></li><li class="tag_QGVx"><a class="tag_zVej tagRegular_sFm0" href="/algorithms/tags/bfs/">bfs</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/mfocko/blog/tree/main/algorithms/10-graphs/2022-04-30-bfs-tree.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_vwxv"><span class="theme-last-updated">Last updated<!-- --> on <b><time datetime="2022-04-30T00:00:00.000Z">Apr 30, 2022</time></b></span></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/algorithms/graphs/iterative-and-iterators/"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Iterative algorithms via iterators</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/algorithms/category/paths-in-graphs/"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Paths in Graphs</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#introduction" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#lower-bound" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Lower bound</a></li><li><a href="#proof-by-contradiction" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Proof by contradiction</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Git</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/mfocko" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">GitHub<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://gitlab.com/mfocko" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">GitLab<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://git.mfocko.xyz/mfocko" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Gitea (self-hosted)<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Social #1</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mfocko/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">LinkedIn<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://fosstodon.org/@m4tt_314" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Fosstodon<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://hachyderm.io/@m4tt_314" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Hachyderm.io<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Social #2</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/m4tt_314" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitch.tv/m4tt_314" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitch<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://ko-fi.com/m4tt_314" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Ko-fi<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2024 Matej Focko.</div></div></div></footer></div>
</body>
</html>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink