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implementing a very special cipher.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="task-no-1-reverse-05-k">Task no. 1: Reverse (0.5 K₡)<a href="#task-no-1-reverse-05-k" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Task no. 1: Reverse (0.5 K₡)" title="Direct link to Task no. 1: Reverse (0.5 K₡)"></a></h3><p>Write a function <code>char* reverse(const char* text)</code> that returns copy of the input
string in reversed order (also uppercase).</p><p>In case you are given <code>NULL</code>, return <code>NULL</code>.</p><p>Example (more in tests):</p><div class="language-c codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#ffffff"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-c codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">char</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">*</span><span class="token plain"> reversed </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">reverse</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">&quot;Hello world!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">printf</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">&quot;%s\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> reversed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)">// &quot;!DLROW OLLEH&quot;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">reversed </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">!=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token constant" style="color:rgb(129, 31, 63)">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">free</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">reversed</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div><
used for encrypting (or decrypting).</p><p>Your task is to write two functions:</p><ul><li><code>char* vigenere_encrypt(const char* key, const char* text)</code> for encrypting</li><li><code>char* vigenere_decrypt(const char* key, const char* text)</code> for decrypting</li></ul><p>In both of those you should return uppercase characters.</p><p>Meaning of the parameters you are given:</p><ul><li><code>key</code> - String that represents key that is used for <!-- -->*<!-- -->crypting. It consists of
one word and can have only characters of the alphabet. Does not matter if they
are uppercase or lowercase.</li><li><code>text</code> - String that is to be <!-- -->*<!-- -->crypted.</li></ul><p>Function returns address of the encrypted (or decrypted) string. Or <code>NULL</code> in case
error occurs.</p><p>Example:</p><div class="language-c codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#ffffff"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-c codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">char</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">*</span><span class="token plain">encrypted </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">vigenere_encrypt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">&quot;CoMPuTeR&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">&quot;Hello world!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">printf</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">&quot;%s\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> encrypted</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)">// &quot;JSXAI PSINR!&quot;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">encrypted </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">!=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token constant" style="color:rgb(129, 31, 63)">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">free</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">encrypted</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21
you can gain 0.5 K₡.</p><p>Usage of <code>true</code>/<code>false</code> to decide path in code is prohibited. It leads to merging
of both functions into one. Point of this part is to discover a way to do this
generically in such way that there are no separate paths for one or the other. One
function with no branching for both of them, parametrization is your friend :)</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="task-no-3-bit-madness-05-k">Task no. 3: Bit madness (0.5 K₡)<a href="#task-no-3-bit-madness-05-k" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Task no. 3: Bit madness (0.5 K₡)" title="Direct link to Task no. 3: Bit madness (0.5 K₡)"></a></h3><p>This is a state of the art crypto. Please do not share :)</p><p>For encrypting:</p><ol><li>Split the character that is to be encrypted in halves (4 and 4 bits each).</li><li>Bits in 1st half are to be split into pairs. Swap bits in those pairs.</li><li>Then use the 4 bits that you created in the 2nd step for <code>XOR</code> with the other
4 bits.</li></ol><p>This simple and ingenious principle will be illustrated on the following example.
String we want to encrypt is <code>Hello world!</code>. We need to encrypt each letter separately,
so we will demonstrate on letter <code>H</code>:</p><ol><li><p>Letter <code>H</code> is represented in ASCII as <code>72</code>.</p><p><code>72</code> represented in binary is: <code>01001000</code>. So first 4 bits are: <code>0100</code> and last
4 bits are <code>1000</code>.</p></li><li><p>First half of bits (<code>0100</code>) consists of 2 pairs (<code>01</code> and <code>00</code>) which we swap
(<code>01 ~&gt; 10</code> and <code>00 ~&gt; 00</code>). That way we get <code>1000</code>.</p></li><li><p>That half is used for xor with the other 4 bits:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#ffffff"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 1000 // second half</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">XOR 1000 // first half after 2nd step</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">--------</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 0000</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li><li><p>Now we combine both halves (first one is <code>1000</code>, which we got from the 2nd step
and second one is <code>0000</code>, which we got from the 3rd step) and get <code>10000000</code>,
which is encrypted character <code>H</code> using this method.</p></li></ol><p>In case of decryption, reverse those steps.</p><p>Your task is to implement functions:</p><ul><li><code>unsigned char* bit_encrypt(const char* text)</code></li><li><code>char* bit_decrypt(const unsigned char* text)</code></li></ul><p>Example:</p><div class="language-c codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#ffffff"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-c codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">unsigned</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">char</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">*</span><span class="token plain"> encrypted </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">bit_encrypt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">&quot;Hello world!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">for</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">int</span><span class="token plain"> i </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(9, 134, 88)">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">;</span><span class="token plain"> i </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&lt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(9, 134, 88)">12</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">;</span><span class="token plain">i</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">++</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">printf</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">&quot;%x &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> encrypted</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">[</span><span class="token plain">i</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)">//80 9c 95 95 96 11 bc 96 b9 95 9d 10</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="c
present <a href="/pb071/mr">here</a>. For setting assignee my xlogin is <code>xfocko</code>.</p><p>In case you do not want to experiment on GitLab, send me the source code via email,
but please prefix subject with: <code>[PB071/14][seminar-05-06]</code></p><p>Deadline for the submission of the bonus is <strong>April 21th 24:00</strong>.</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://gitlab.com/mfocko/blog/tree/main/pb071/bonuses/05-06.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_vwxv"><span class="theme-last-updated">Last updated<!-- --> on <b><time datetime="2023-09-07T17:49:31.000Z">Sep 7, 2023</time></b></span></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/pb071/bonuses/seminar-04"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">4th seminar</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/pb071/bonuses/seminar-08"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">8th seminar</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#introduction" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Introduction</a><ul><li><a href="#task-no-1-reverse-05-k" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Task no. 1: Reverse (0.5 K₡)</a></li><li><a href="#task-no-2-vigenère-05-k" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Task no. 2: Vigenère (0.5 K₡)</a></li><li><a href="#task-no-3-bit-madness-05-k" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Task no. 3: Bit madness (0.5 K₡)</a></li><li><a href="#task-no-4-all-combined-to-bmp-05-k" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Task no. 4: All combined to BMP (0.5 K₡)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#submitting" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Submitting</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Git</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/mfocko" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">GitHub<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://gitlab.com/mfocko" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">GitLab<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://git.mfocko.xyz/mfocko" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Gitea (self-hosted)<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Social #1</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mfocko/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">LinkedIn<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" c
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