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<title data-rh="true">Environment | mf</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://blog.mfocko.xyz/pb161/environment"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-pb161-current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-pb161-current"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Environment | mf"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Suggestions for setting up a local environment for C++ course.
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VSCode + SSH to <em>aisa</em> might be the best option for you.</p><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-caution alert alert--warning admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>VSCode @ aisa</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>Be careful when using VSCode on aisa, most notably:</p><ol><li>VSCode can leave lingering processes running in the background that can „eat
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up“ your quota for running processes.
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AFAIK UNIX team has implemented some periodic clean up of those.</li><li>Disk quota can be also affected, because of the C/C++ extension toolkit that
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has a cache for IntelliSense.</li></ol></div></div><p>Either of those will be linux distros, so jump to <a href="#linux">next section</a>.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="linux">Linux<a href="#linux" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Linux" title="Direct link to Linux"></a></h3><p>Majority (if not all) of the provided materials include makefile (contains absolute
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path, so in case of linting and compiling, you need to adjust to your needs). You
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basically need following list of tools:</p><ul><li><code>gcc</code> - for compiling</li><li><code>clang-tidy</code> - for linting (depends on distribution, might be provided with
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clang itself or in separate package, e.g. <code>clang-tools-extra</code>)</li><li><code>clang-format</code> - for your own sanity of keeping consistent formatting</li><li><code>make</code> - since you are provided makefiles and it might be quickest to set up</li><li><code>valgrind</code> - in case you manage to create memory errors in your code</li></ul><p>In case of Fedora it is following set of packages:</p><div class="language-sh codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#ffffff"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sh codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">sudo</span><span class="token plain"> dnf </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">install</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token parameter variable" style="color:rgb(9, 134, 88)">-y</span><span class="token plain"> clang clang-tools-extra valgrind gcc </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">make</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"># If you decide to use google test: add `gtest` or `llvm-googletest` for clang</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="macos">macOS<a href="#macos" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to macOS" title="Direct link to macOS"></a></h3><p>In case of macOS you should be able to find all of the packages in brew.sh, except
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<code>valgrind</code>, not sure if you can solve with podman/docker.</p><p>There is also an alterantive to homebrew, that is nixpkgs.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="nixos">nix(OS)<a href="#nixos" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to nix(OS)" title="Direct link to nix(OS)"></a></h3><p>In case you run nixOS or linux distribution with nixpkgs or you use nixpkgs as a
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replacement for homebrew on macOS. You should be fine with the following config:</p><div class="language-nix codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#ffffff"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-nix codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">with</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><</span><span class="token plain">nixpkgs</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">></span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">stdenv</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">mkDerivation </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> name </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"cppenv"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> buildInputs </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">[</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> clang</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">-</span><span class="token plain">tools</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> gnumake</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> gmock </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"># used for google test</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> valgrind </span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"># not sure about macOS though</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div
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to the JetBrains IDEs.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="git">git<a href="#git" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to git" title="Direct link to git"></a></h2><p>I recommend you using some basic versioning for your code, even though you submit
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only the sources on <em>aisa</em>. There are specific reasons why I suggest it:</p><ul><li>if you build a <em>commit, tag and submit</em> habit, you might be able to address
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some of the smaller problems in your sources even before submission; more info
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in the <a href="#pre-commit">pre-commit section</a></li></ul><p>In case you are planning to use git branches for separating different
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assignments and/or merge requests I suggest you to keep specifications and
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skeletons on your default branch, since <em>frag</em> on <em>aisa</em> automatically downloads
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everything that is not present and by that can create conflicts when switching
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branches.</p><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-tip alert alert--success admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>Commit conventions</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>When creating smaller and well defined commits, you can more easily argue about
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correctness of your implementation and also identify bugs, since they are better
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contained.</p></div></div><p>Since frag creates a lot of support files (majority of them are dotfiles, i.e.
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hidden files), I recommend you to use following
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<a href="/files/pb161/environment/gitignore" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">gitignore</a> configuration that
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should cover most of the scenarios.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="pre-commit-link">pre-commit (<a href="https://pre-commit.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">link</a>)<a href="#pre-commit-link" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to pre-commit-link" title="Direct link to pre-commit-link"></a></h3><p>Pre-commit basically allows you to "check" your code before committing. It functions
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as a git hook, i.e. you want to make a commit, pre-commit checks it before-hand.</p><p>In case of C++ there are few use-cases:</p><ul><li><p>formatting</p></li><li><p>linting</p></li><li><p>building and/or running tests, in case you feel like masochist</p><p>However this might be a challenging task to implement, since most of the tasks
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are published from the beginning.</p></li></ul><p>In case of formatting and linting, there are already existing hooks (there is a
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list of supported ones on the page), but there is also an option for you setting
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it up yourself (it is just a matter of specifying command and files it should run
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on).</p><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-tip alert alert--success admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>Formatting</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>For formatting you can the following <a href="https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format#using-clang-format-with-pre-commit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">git hook</a>.</p><p>This hook follows the formatting conventions defined by the <code>.clang-format</code> file
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that is looked up recursively all the way to the root of the filesystem, therefore
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it is ideal to keep it in the root of the git repository.</p><p>You can look up the different codestyles <a href="https://gitlab.fi.muni.cz/pb071/codestyles" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.</p></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="testing">Testing<a href="#testing" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Testing" title="Direct link to Testing"></a></h2><p>I have tried 2 frameworks for testing, one of them will be probably showcased in
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lectures. If you have not picked one yet, you can take an inspiration from the
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following.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="catch2">catch2<a href="#catch2" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to catch2" title="Direct link to catch2"></a></h3><p>It is quite popular, only one header-file, also might be easier to set up.</p><p>Might feel slow to compile, this can be addressed by having one object file with
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precompiled <code>main</code> for tests, e.g.</p><div class="language-cpp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#ffffff"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-cpp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)">/* File: catch_main.cpp</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"> * Compile it with: g++ $(CXXFLAGS) -c catch_main.cpp</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"> *</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"> * Once you have source file with tests, e.g. test_something.cpp, compile it in</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"> * a similar fashion: g++ $(CXXFLAGS) -c test_something.cpp $(LDLIBS)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"> *</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"> * And link them together:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"> * g++ catch_main.o test_something.o -o test_something</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"> *</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"> * Now you can run ./test_something and if you change it, you do not need to compile</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"> * the main again.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"> */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property directive-hash">#</span><span class="token macro property directive keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">define</span><span class="token macro property"> </span><span class="token macro property macro-name">CATCH_CONFIG_MAIN</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property directive-hash">#</span><span class="token macro property directive keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">include</span><span class="token macro property"> </span><span class="token macro property string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"catch.hpp"</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="google-test">Google Test<a href="#google-test" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Google Test" title="Direct link to Google Test"></a></h3><p>It is faster compared to catch2, even if you do not precompile the <code>main</code>. Might
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be more complicated to set up, since there are multiple files (it is not one header
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file). Not very user friendly on <em>aisa</em>. However can be installed through package
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manager.</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://gitlab.com/mfocko/blog/tree/main/pb161/environment.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_vwxv"><span class="theme-last-updated">Last updated<!-- --> on <b><time datetime="2023-02-18T00:00:00.000Z">Feb 18, 2023</time></b></span></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/pb161/"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Introduction</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#required-tools-per-os" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Required tools per OS</a><ul><li><a href="#windows" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Windows</a></li><li><a href="#linux" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Linux</a></li><li><a href="#macos" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">macOS</a></li><li><a href="#nixos" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">nix(OS)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#ides" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">IDEs</a></li><li><a href="#git" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">git</a><ul><li><a href="#pre-commit-link" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">pre-commit (link)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#testing" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#catch2" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">catch2</a></li><li><a href="#google-test" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Google Test</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Git</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/mfocko" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">GitHub<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://gitlab.com/mfocko" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">GitLab<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://git.mfocko.xyz/mfocko" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Gitea (self-hosted)<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Social #1</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mfocko/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">LinkedIn<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h
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