diff --git a/cpp/.clang-format b/cpp/.clang-format
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..501c439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cpp/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+---
+Language:        Cpp
+AccessModifierOffset: -2
+AlignAfterOpenBracket: Align
+AlignArrayOfStructures: None
+AlignConsecutiveAssignments:
+  Enabled:         false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments:  false
+  AlignCompound:   false
+  PadOperators:    true
+AlignConsecutiveBitFields:
+  Enabled:         false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments:  false
+  AlignCompound:   false
+  PadOperators:    false
+AlignConsecutiveDeclarations:
+  Enabled:         false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments:  false
+  AlignCompound:   false
+  PadOperators:    false
+AlignConsecutiveMacros:
+  Enabled:         false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments:  false
+  AlignCompound:   false
+  PadOperators:    false
+AlignConsecutiveShortCaseStatements:
+  Enabled:         false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments:  false
+  AlignCaseColons: false
+AlignEscapedNewlines: Right
+AlignOperands:   Align
+AlignTrailingComments:
+  Kind:            Always
+  OverEmptyLines:  0
+AllowAllArgumentsOnNextLine: true
+AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: true
+AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Never
+AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortEnumsOnASingleLine: true
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: All
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: Never
+AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: All
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
+AlwaysBreakAfterDefinitionReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: false
+AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: MultiLine
+AttributeMacros:
+  - __capability
+BinPackArguments: true
+BinPackParameters: true
+BitFieldColonSpacing: Both
+BraceWrapping:
+  AfterCaseLabel:  false
+  AfterClass:      false
+  AfterControlStatement: Never
+  AfterEnum:       false
+  AfterExternBlock: false
+  AfterFunction:   false
+  AfterNamespace:  false
+  AfterObjCDeclaration: false
+  AfterStruct:     false
+  AfterUnion:      false
+  BeforeCatch:     false
+  BeforeElse:      false
+  BeforeLambdaBody: false
+  BeforeWhile:     false
+  IndentBraces:    false
+  SplitEmptyFunction: true
+  SplitEmptyRecord: true
+  SplitEmptyNamespace: true
+BreakAfterAttributes: Never
+BreakAfterJavaFieldAnnotations: false
+BreakArrays:     true
+BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: None
+BreakBeforeConceptDeclarations: Always
+BreakBeforeBraces: Attach
+BreakBeforeInlineASMColon: OnlyMultiline
+BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
+BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeColon
+BreakInheritanceList: BeforeColon
+BreakStringLiterals: true
+ColumnLimit:     80
+CommentPragmas:  '^ IWYU pragma:'
+CompactNamespaces: false
+ConstructorInitializerIndentWidth: 4
+ContinuationIndentWidth: 4
+Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
+DisableFormat:   false
+EmptyLineAfterAccessModifier: Never
+EmptyLineBeforeAccessModifier: LogicalBlock
+ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: false
+FixNamespaceComments: true
+ForEachMacros:
+  - foreach
+  - Q_FOREACH
+  - BOOST_FOREACH
+IfMacros:
+  - KJ_IF_MAYBE
+IncludeBlocks:   Preserve
+IncludeCategories:
+  - Regex:           '^"(llvm|llvm-c|clang|clang-c)/'
+    Priority:        2
+    SortPriority:    0
+    CaseSensitive:   false
+  - Regex:           '^(<|"(gtest|gmock|isl|json)/)'
+    Priority:        3
+    SortPriority:    0
+    CaseSensitive:   false
+  - Regex:           '.*'
+    Priority:        1
+    SortPriority:    0
+    CaseSensitive:   false
+IncludeIsMainRegex: '(Test)?$'
+IncludeIsMainSourceRegex: ''
+IndentAccessModifiers: false
+IndentCaseBlocks: false
+IndentCaseLabels: false
+IndentExternBlock: AfterExternBlock
+IndentGotoLabels: true
+IndentPPDirectives: None
+IndentRequiresClause: true
+IndentWidth:     4
+IndentWrappedFunctionNames: false
+InsertBraces:    false
+InsertNewlineAtEOF: false
+InsertTrailingCommas: None
+IntegerLiteralSeparator:
+  Binary:          0
+  BinaryMinDigits: 0
+  Decimal:         0
+  DecimalMinDigits: 0
+  Hex:             0
+  HexMinDigits:    0
+JavaScriptQuotes: Leave
+JavaScriptWrapImports: true
+KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: true
+KeepEmptyLinesAtEOF: false
+LambdaBodyIndentation: Signature
+LineEnding:      DeriveLF
+MacroBlockBegin: ''
+MacroBlockEnd:   ''
+MaxEmptyLinesToKeep: 1
+NamespaceIndentation: None
+ObjCBinPackProtocolList: Auto
+ObjCBlockIndentWidth: 2
+ObjCBreakBeforeNestedBlockParam: true
+ObjCSpaceAfterProperty: false
+ObjCSpaceBeforeProtocolList: true
+PackConstructorInitializers: BinPack
+PenaltyBreakAssignment: 2
+PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 19
+PenaltyBreakComment: 300
+PenaltyBreakFirstLessLess: 120
+PenaltyBreakOpenParenthesis: 0
+PenaltyBreakString: 1000
+PenaltyBreakTemplateDeclaration: 10
+PenaltyExcessCharacter: 1000000
+PenaltyIndentedWhitespace: 0
+PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 60
+PointerAlignment: Right
+PPIndentWidth:   -1
+QualifierAlignment: Leave
+ReferenceAlignment: Pointer
+ReflowComments:  true
+RemoveBracesLLVM: false
+RemoveParentheses: Leave
+RemoveSemicolon: false
+RequiresClausePosition: OwnLine
+RequiresExpressionIndentation: OuterScope
+SeparateDefinitionBlocks: Leave
+ShortNamespaceLines: 1
+SortIncludes:    CaseSensitive
+SortJavaStaticImport: Before
+SortUsingDeclarations: LexicographicNumeric
+SpaceAfterCStyleCast: false
+SpaceAfterLogicalNot: false
+SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: true
+SpaceAroundPointerQualifiers: Default
+SpaceBeforeAssignmentOperators: true
+SpaceBeforeCaseColon: false
+SpaceBeforeCpp11BracedList: false
+SpaceBeforeCtorInitializerColon: true
+SpaceBeforeInheritanceColon: true
+SpaceBeforeJsonColon: false
+SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
+SpaceBeforeParensOptions:
+  AfterControlStatements: true
+  AfterForeachMacros: true
+  AfterFunctionDefinitionName: false
+  AfterFunctionDeclarationName: false
+  AfterIfMacros:   true
+  AfterOverloadedOperator: false
+  AfterRequiresInClause: false
+  AfterRequiresInExpression: false
+  BeforeNonEmptyParentheses: false
+SpaceBeforeRangeBasedForLoopColon: true
+SpaceBeforeSquareBrackets: false
+SpaceInEmptyBlock: false
+SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 1
+SpacesInAngles:  Never
+SpacesInContainerLiterals: true
+SpacesInLineCommentPrefix:
+  Minimum:         1
+  Maximum:         -1
+SpacesInParens:  Never
+SpacesInParensOptions:
+  InCStyleCasts:   false
+  InConditionalStatements: false
+  InEmptyParentheses: false
+  Other:           false
+SpacesInSquareBrackets: false
+Standard:        Latest
+StatementAttributeLikeMacros:
+  - Q_EMIT
+StatementMacros:
+  - Q_UNUSED
+  - QT_REQUIRE_VERSION
+TabWidth:        8
+UseTab:          Never
+VerilogBreakBetweenInstancePorts: true
+WhitespaceSensitiveMacros:
+  - BOOST_PP_STRINGIZE
+  - CF_SWIFT_NAME
+  - NS_SWIFT_NAME
+  - PP_STRINGIZE
+  - STRINGIZE
+...
+
diff --git a/cpp/assign-cookies.cpp b/cpp/assign-cookies.cpp
index cb8a89e..d5656cb 100644
--- a/cpp/assign-cookies.cpp
+++ b/cpp/assign-cookies.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
+  public:
     int findContentChildren(std::vector<int> g, std::vector<int> s) {
         std::sort(g.begin(), g.end());
         std::sort(s.begin(), s.end());
@@ -18,4 +18,3 @@ public:
         return content;
     }
 };
-
diff --git a/cpp/boats-to-save-people.cpp b/cpp/boats-to-save-people.cpp
index 7e6905c..3aceb74 100644
--- a/cpp/boats-to-save-people.cpp
+++ b/cpp/boats-to-save-people.cpp
@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    int numRescueBoats(std::vector<int> people, int limit)
-    {
+  public:
+    int numRescueBoats(std::vector<int> people, int limit) {
         std::sort(people.begin(), people.end());
 
         int counter = 0;
diff --git a/cpp/calculate-money-in-leetcode-bank.cpp b/cpp/calculate-money-in-leetcode-bank.cpp
index b799b41..c9c87f6 100644
--- a/cpp/calculate-money-in-leetcode-bank.cpp
+++ b/cpp/calculate-money-in-leetcode-bank.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 class Solution {
-public:
+  public:
     int totalMoney(int n) {
         auto monday = 1;
 
diff --git a/cpp/can-place-flowers.cpp b/cpp/can-place-flowers.cpp
index 31df119..4a63f31 100644
--- a/cpp/can-place-flowers.cpp
+++ b/cpp/can-place-flowers.cpp
@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@
 using std::vector;
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    bool canPlaceFlowers(vector<int>& flowerbed, int n)
-    {
+  public:
+    bool canPlaceFlowers(vector<int> &flowerbed, int n) {
         int count = 0;
 
         int left = 0, right;
@@ -25,21 +24,20 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     Solution s;
 
-    std::vector flowers { 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 };
+    std::vector flowers{1, 0, 0, 0, 1};
     assert(s.canPlaceFlowers(flowers, 1));
     assert(!s.canPlaceFlowers(flowers, 2));
 
-    flowers = { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 };
+    flowers = {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1};
     assert(!s.canPlaceFlowers(flowers, 2));
 
-    flowers = { 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 };
+    flowers = {1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0};
     assert(s.canPlaceFlowers(flowers, 2));
 
-    flowers = { 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 };
+    flowers = {0, 0, 1, 0, 0};
     assert(s.canPlaceFlowers(flowers, 1));
 
     return 0;
diff --git a/cpp/concatenation-of-consecutive-binary-numbers.cpp b/cpp/concatenation-of-consecutive-binary-numbers.cpp
index 999a72d..4d46277 100644
--- a/cpp/concatenation-of-consecutive-binary-numbers.cpp
+++ b/cpp/concatenation-of-consecutive-binary-numbers.cpp
@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@
 class Solution {
     static const int MOD = 1000000007;
 
-public:
-    int concatenatedBinary(int n)
-    {
+  public:
+    int concatenatedBinary(int n) {
         long joined_number = 0;
 
         int padding = 1;
@@ -21,8 +20,7 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     Solution s;
 
     assert(s.concatenatedBinary(1) == 1);
diff --git a/cpp/convert-an-array-into-a-2d-array-with-conditions.cpp b/cpp/convert-an-array-into-a-2d-array-with-conditions.cpp
index 62d6bd8..aa868be 100644
--- a/cpp/convert-an-array-into-a-2d-array-with-conditions.cpp
+++ b/cpp/convert-an-array-into-a-2d-array-with-conditions.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    std::vector<std::vector<int>> findMatrix(const std::vector<int>& nums) {
+  public:
+    std::vector<std::vector<int>> findMatrix(const std::vector<int> &nums) {
         // count the numbers
         std::map<int, int> freqs;
         for (auto x : nums) {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public:
             elements_left = false;
 
             std::vector<int> row;
-            for (auto& [num, count] : freqs) {
+            for (auto &[num, count] : freqs) {
                 if (count <= 0) {
                     continue;
                 }
@@ -32,4 +32,3 @@ public:
         return matrix;
     }
 };
-
diff --git a/cpp/count-good-nodes-in-binary-tree.cpp b/cpp/count-good-nodes-in-binary-tree.cpp
index 9905933..1299961 100644
--- a/cpp/count-good-nodes-in-binary-tree.cpp
+++ b/cpp/count-good-nodes-in-binary-tree.cpp
@@ -6,23 +6,21 @@
  *     TreeNode *right;
  *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
  *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
- *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
+ *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left),
+ * right(right) {}
  * };
  */
 class Solution {
-    int goodNodes(TreeNode* root, int m)
-    {
+    int goodNodes(TreeNode *root, int m) {
         if (root == nullptr) {
             return 0;
         }
 
         int new_max = std::max(m, root->val);
-        return (root->val >= m) + goodNodes(root->left, new_max) + goodNodes(root->right, new_max);
+        return (root->val >= m) + goodNodes(root->left, new_max) +
+               goodNodes(root->right, new_max);
     }
 
-public:
-    int goodNodes(TreeNode* root)
-    {
-        return goodNodes(root, INT_MIN);
-    }
+  public:
+    int goodNodes(TreeNode *root) { return goodNodes(root, INT_MIN); }
 };
diff --git a/cpp/count-negative-numbers-in-a-sorted-matrix.cpp b/cpp/count-negative-numbers-in-a-sorted-matrix.cpp
index 7d26583..f3d24d4 100644
--- a/cpp/count-negative-numbers-in-a-sorted-matrix.cpp
+++ b/cpp/count-negative-numbers-in-a-sorted-matrix.cpp
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    int countNegatives(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& grid)
-    {
+  public:
+    int countNegatives(const std::vector<std::vector<int>> &grid) {
         auto last = 0;
 
         auto negatives = 0;
-        for (const auto& row : grid) {
-            auto first_positive = std::lower_bound(row.crbegin() + last, row.crend(), 0);
+        for (const auto &row : grid) {
+            auto first_positive =
+                std::lower_bound(row.crbegin() + last, row.crend(), 0);
             auto i = first_positive - row.crbegin();
 
             negatives += i;
@@ -20,11 +20,13 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     Solution s;
 
-    assert((s.countNegatives(std::vector { std::vector { 4, 3, 2, -1 }, std::vector { 3, 2, 1, -1 }, std::vector { 1, 1, -1, -2 }, std::vector { -1, -1, -2, -3 } }) == 8));
-    assert((s.countNegatives(std::vector { std::vector { 3, 2 }, std::vector { 1, 0 } }) == 0));
+    assert((s.countNegatives(std::vector{
+                std::vector{4, 3, 2, -1}, std::vector{3, 2, 1, -1},
+                std::vector{1, 1, -1, -2}, std::vector{-1, -1, -2, -3}}) == 8));
+    assert((s.countNegatives(
+                std::vector{std::vector{3, 2}, std::vector{1, 0}}) == 0));
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/cpp/count-ways-to-build-good-strings.cpp b/cpp/count-ways-to-build-good-strings.cpp
index 2c33e30..74cec4b 100644
--- a/cpp/count-ways-to-build-good-strings.cpp
+++ b/cpp/count-ways-to-build-good-strings.cpp
@@ -2,43 +2,43 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-  constexpr static int MOD = 1000000007;
+    constexpr static int MOD = 1000000007;
 
-  static void add_with_mod(std::vector<int>& good, std::size_t i, int value) {
-    good[i] = (good[i] + value) % MOD;
-  }
-
- public:
-  int countGoodStrings(int low, int high, int zero, int one) {
-    assert(low <= high);
-
-    std::vector<int> good(high + 1, 0);
-    good[0] = 1;
-
-    for (int length = 1; length <= high; ++length) {
-      if (length >= zero) {
-        add_with_mod(good, length, good[length - zero]);
-      }
-
-      if (length >= one) {
-        add_with_mod(good, length, good[length - one]);
-      }
+    static void add_with_mod(std::vector<int> &good, std::size_t i, int value) {
+        good[i] = (good[i] + value) % MOD;
     }
 
-    int total = 0;
-    for (int i = low; i <= high; ++i) {
-      total = (total + good[i]) % MOD;
-    }
+  public:
+    int countGoodStrings(int low, int high, int zero, int one) {
+        assert(low <= high);
 
-    return total;
-  }
+        std::vector<int> good(high + 1, 0);
+        good[0] = 1;
+
+        for (int length = 1; length <= high; ++length) {
+            if (length >= zero) {
+                add_with_mod(good, length, good[length - zero]);
+            }
+
+            if (length >= one) {
+                add_with_mod(good, length, good[length - one]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        int total = 0;
+        for (int i = low; i <= high; ++i) {
+            total = (total + good[i]) % MOD;
+        }
+
+        return total;
+    }
 };
 
 int main() {
-  Solution s;
+    Solution s;
 
-  assert(s.countGoodStrings(3, 3, 1, 1) == 8);
-  assert(s.countGoodStrings(2, 3, 1, 2) == 5);
+    assert(s.countGoodStrings(3, 3, 1, 1) == 8);
+    assert(s.countGoodStrings(2, 3, 1, 2) == 5);
 
-  return 0;
+    return 0;
 }
diff --git a/cpp/design-parking-system.cpp b/cpp/design-parking-system.cpp
index 0f12713..288415b 100644
--- a/cpp/design-parking-system.cpp
+++ b/cpp/design-parking-system.cpp
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ class ParkingSystem {
     int medium;
     int small;
 
-    int& get(int carType)
-    {
+    int &get(int carType) {
         switch (carType) {
         case 1:
             return big;
@@ -19,17 +18,12 @@ class ParkingSystem {
         }
     }
 
-public:
+  public:
     ParkingSystem(int big, int medium, int small)
-        : big(big)
-        , medium(medium)
-        , small(small)
-    {
-    }
+        : big(big), medium(medium), small(small) {}
 
-    bool addCar(int carType)
-    {
-        auto& space = get(carType);
+    bool addCar(int carType) {
+        auto &space = get(carType);
         if (space <= 0) {
             return false;
         }
diff --git a/cpp/determine-if-two-strings-are-close.cpp b/cpp/determine-if-two-strings-are-close.cpp
index b9dbb2f..75cc5f4 100644
--- a/cpp/determine-if-two-strings-are-close.cpp
+++ b/cpp/determine-if-two-strings-are-close.cpp
@@ -5,9 +5,8 @@
 class Solution {
     using freq_t = std::array<std::size_t, 26>;
 
-    freq_t freqs(const std::string& word)
-    {
-        freq_t f { 0 };
+    freq_t freqs(const std::string &word) {
+        freq_t f{0};
 
         for (auto c : word) {
             f[c - 'a']++;
@@ -16,8 +15,7 @@ class Solution {
         return f;
     }
 
-    int mask(const freq_t& f)
-    {
+    int mask(const freq_t &f) {
         int m = 0;
 
         for (auto c : f) {
@@ -27,9 +25,8 @@ class Solution {
         return m;
     }
 
-public:
-    bool closeStrings(std::string word1, std::string word2)
-    {
+  public:
+    bool closeStrings(std::string word1, std::string word2) {
         auto f1 = freqs(word1);
         auto m1 = mask(f1);
         std::sort(f1.begin(), f1.end());
diff --git a/cpp/find-smallest-letter-greater-than-target.cpp b/cpp/find-smallest-letter-greater-than-target.cpp
index e46a482..641b38d 100644
--- a/cpp/find-smallest-letter-greater-than-target.cpp
+++ b/cpp/find-smallest-letter-greater-than-target.cpp
@@ -3,21 +3,19 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    char nextGreatestLetter(const std::vector<char>& letters, char target)
-    {
+  public:
+    char nextGreatestLetter(const std::vector<char> &letters, char target) {
         auto it = std::lower_bound(letters.begin(), letters.end(), target + 1);
         return it == letters.end() ? letters.front() : *it;
     }
 };
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     Solution s;
 
-    assert((s.nextGreatestLetter(std::vector { 'c', 'f', 'j' }, 'a') == 'c'));
-    assert((s.nextGreatestLetter(std::vector { 'c', 'f', 'j' }, 'c') == 'f'));
-    assert((s.nextGreatestLetter(std::vector { 'x', 'x', 'y', 'y' }, 'z') == 'x'));
+    assert((s.nextGreatestLetter(std::vector{'c', 'f', 'j'}, 'a') == 'c'));
+    assert((s.nextGreatestLetter(std::vector{'c', 'f', 'j'}, 'c') == 'f'));
+    assert((s.nextGreatestLetter(std::vector{'x', 'x', 'y', 'y'}, 'z') == 'x'));
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/cpp/knight-dialer.cpp b/cpp/knight-dialer.cpp
index b305d48..5c0791c 100644
--- a/cpp/knight-dialer.cpp
+++ b/cpp/knight-dialer.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class Solution {
 
     static int add(int x, int y) { return (x + y) % 1000000007; }
 
-    static int get(const std::vector<pad_t>& dp, int it, int idx) {
+    static int get(const std::vector<pad_t> &dp, int it, int idx) {
         if (it < 0 || it >= static_cast<int>(dp.size())) {
             return 0;
         }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class Solution {
         return dp[it][idx];
     }
 
-    static void dpIteration(std::vector<pad_t>& dp, int it) {
+    static void dpIteration(std::vector<pad_t> &dp, int it) {
         for (int i = 0; i < 12; ++i) {
             if (!isValidMove(i)) {
                 continue;
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class Solution {
         }
     }
 
-   public:
+  public:
     int knightDialer(int n) {
         std::vector<pad_t> dp(n);
 
diff --git a/cpp/kth-smallest-element-in-a-sorted-matrix.cpp b/cpp/kth-smallest-element-in-a-sorted-matrix.cpp
index 42aceed..ca756ad 100644
--- a/cpp/kth-smallest-element-in-a-sorted-matrix.cpp
+++ b/cpp/kth-smallest-element-in-a-sorted-matrix.cpp
@@ -6,9 +6,8 @@
 using namespace std;
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    int kthSmallest(vector<vector<int>>& matrix, int k)
-    {
+  public:
+    int kthSmallest(vector<vector<int>> &matrix, int k) {
         int low = matrix.front().front();
         int high = matrix.back().back();
 
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ public:
             int mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
 
             int rank = 0;
-            for (const auto& row : matrix) {
+            for (const auto &row : matrix) {
                 rank += upper_bound(row.begin(), row.end(), mid) - row.begin();
             }
 
@@ -31,22 +30,17 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     Solution s;
 
     vector<vector<int>> m;
     int k;
 
-    m = {
-        { 1, 5, 9 },
-        { 10, 11, 13 },
-        { 12, 13, 15 }
-    };
+    m = {{1, 5, 9}, {10, 11, 13}, {12, 13, 15}};
     k = 8;
     assert(s.kthSmallest(m, k) == 13);
 
-    m = { { -5 } };
+    m = {{-5}};
     k = 1;
     assert(s.kthSmallest(m, k) == -5);
 }
diff --git a/cpp/largest-odd-number-in-string.cpp b/cpp/largest-odd-number-in-string.cpp
index feeefef..09649d8 100644
--- a/cpp/largest-odd-number-in-string.cpp
+++ b/cpp/largest-odd-number-in-string.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #include <string>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    std::string largestOddNumber(const std::string& num) {
+  public:
+    std::string largestOddNumber(const std::string &num) {
         auto i = num.find_last_of("13579");
         if (i == std::string::npos) {
             return "";
diff --git a/cpp/matrix-diagonal-sum.cpp b/cpp/matrix-diagonal-sum.cpp
index 5433d8c..eb6b1b6 100644
--- a/cpp/matrix-diagonal-sum.cpp
+++ b/cpp/matrix-diagonal-sum.cpp
@@ -2,45 +2,47 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-  struct indices {
-    int x;
-    int y;
+    struct indices {
+        int x;
+        int y;
 
-    bool operator==(const indices& other) const = default;
-    indices& operator+=(const indices& other) {
-      x += other.x;
-      y += other.y;
-      return *this;
+        bool operator==(const indices &other) const = default;
+        indices &operator+=(const indices &other) {
+            x += other.x;
+            y += other.y;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        int operator[](const std::vector<std::vector<int>> &mat) const {
+            return mat[y][x];
+        }
+    };
+
+  public:
+    int diagonalSum(const std::vector<std::vector<int>> &mat) {
+        int sum = 0;
+
+        indices down{0, 0}, up{0, static_cast<int>(mat.size()) - 1};
+        indices d_down{1, 1}, d_up{1, -1};
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < mat.size();
+             ++i, down += d_down, up += d_up) {
+            sum += down[mat];
+            if (down != up) {
+                sum += up[mat];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sum;
     }
-
-    int operator[](const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& mat) const {
-      return mat[y][x];
-    }
-  };
-
- public:
-  int diagonalSum(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& mat) {
-    int sum = 0;
-
-    indices down{0, 0}, up{0, static_cast<int>(mat.size()) - 1};
-    indices d_down{1, 1}, d_up{1, -1};
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < mat.size(); ++i, down += d_down, up += d_up) {
-      sum += down[mat];
-      if (down != up) {
-        sum += up[mat];
-      }
-    }
-
-    return sum;
-  }
 };
 
 int main() {
-  Solution s;
+    Solution s;
 
-  assert((s.diagonalSum({{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}) == 25));
-  assert((s.diagonalSum(
-              {{1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}}) == 8));
-  assert((s.diagonalSum({{5}}) == 5));
-  return 0;
+    assert((s.diagonalSum({{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}) == 25));
+    assert(
+        (s.diagonalSum(
+             {{1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}}) == 8));
+    assert((s.diagonalSum({{5}}) == 5));
+    return 0;
 }
diff --git a/cpp/max-sum-of-rectangle-no-larger-than-k.cpp b/cpp/max-sum-of-rectangle-no-larger-than-k.cpp
index 80920db..7b582f4 100644
--- a/cpp/max-sum-of-rectangle-no-larger-than-k.cpp
+++ b/cpp/max-sum-of-rectangle-no-larger-than-k.cpp
@@ -2,15 +2,14 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-    void row_partial_sums(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& matrix, std::size_t y, std::vector<int>& partial) const
-    {
+    void row_partial_sums(const std::vector<std::vector<int>> &matrix,
+                          std::size_t y, std::vector<int> &partial) const {
         for (std::size_t x = 0; x < partial.size(); x++) {
             partial[x] += matrix[y][x];
         }
     }
 
-    int find(std::vector<int>& partial_sums, int k) const
-    {
+    int find(std::vector<int> &partial_sums, int k) const {
         int max_sum = INT_MIN;
 
         std::set<int> prefixes;
@@ -31,9 +30,9 @@ class Solution {
         return max_sum;
     }
 
-public:
-    int maxSumSubmatrix(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& matrix, int k) const
-    {
+  public:
+    int maxSumSubmatrix(const std::vector<std::vector<int>> &matrix,
+                        int k) const {
         std::size_t rows = matrix.size();
         std::size_t cols = matrix.front().size();
 
diff --git a/cpp/maximum-value-at-a-given-index-in-a-bounded-array.cpp b/cpp/maximum-value-at-a-given-index-in-a-bounded-array.cpp
index f2c4cda..b787ace 100644
--- a/cpp/maximum-value-at-a-given-index-in-a-bounded-array.cpp
+++ b/cpp/maximum-value-at-a-given-index-in-a-bounded-array.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #include <cassert>
 
 namespace {
-long sum(long index, long value, long n)
-{
+long sum(long index, long value, long n) {
     long count = 0;
 
     if (value > index) {
@@ -19,12 +18,11 @@ long sum(long index, long value, long n)
 
     return count - value;
 }
-}
+} // namespace
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    int maxValue(int n, int index, int maxSum)
-    {
+  public:
+    int maxValue(int n, int index, int maxSum) {
         int left = 1, right = maxSum;
 
         while (left < right) {
@@ -40,8 +38,7 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     Solution s;
 
     assert(s.maxValue(4, 2, 6) == 2);
diff --git a/cpp/merge-strings-alternately.cpp b/cpp/merge-strings-alternately.cpp
index 0954ab1..612a255 100644
--- a/cpp/merge-strings-alternately.cpp
+++ b/cpp/merge-strings-alternately.cpp
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 #include <string>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    std::string mergeAlternately(const std::string& word1, const std::string& word2)
-    {
+  public:
+    std::string mergeAlternately(const std::string &word1,
+                                 const std::string &word2) {
         std::string result;
 
         auto l = word1.begin();
@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     Solution s;
 
     assert(s.mergeAlternately("abc", "pqr") == "apbqcr");
diff --git a/cpp/middle-of-the-linked-list.cpp b/cpp/middle-of-the-linked-list.cpp
index 897e7ea..1e41094 100644
--- a/cpp/middle-of-the-linked-list.cpp
+++ b/cpp/middle-of-the-linked-list.cpp
@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@
  * };
  */
 class Solution {
-public:
-    ListNode* middleNode(ListNode* head)
-    {
+  public:
+    ListNode *middleNode(ListNode *head) {
         auto slow = head;
         auto fast = head ? head->next : nullptr;
 
diff --git a/cpp/minimum-flips-to-make-a-or-b-equal-to-c.cpp b/cpp/minimum-flips-to-make-a-or-b-equal-to-c.cpp
index 02c9187..971fef2 100644
--- a/cpp/minimum-flips-to-make-a-or-b-equal-to-c.cpp
+++ b/cpp/minimum-flips-to-make-a-or-b-equal-to-c.cpp
@@ -2,13 +2,12 @@
 #include <tuple>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    int minFlips(int a, int b, int c)
-    {
+  public:
+    int minFlips(int a, int b, int c) {
         auto flips = 0;
 
         for (; (a | b) != c; a >>= 1, b >>= 1, c >>= 1) {
-            auto [aa, bb, cc] = std::tuple { a & 1, b & 1, c & 1 };
+            auto [aa, bb, cc] = std::tuple{a & 1, b & 1, c & 1};
 
             if ((aa | bb) == cc) {
                 continue;
@@ -25,8 +24,7 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     Solution s;
 
     assert(s.minFlips(2, 6, 5) == 3);
diff --git a/cpp/mirror-reflection.cpp b/cpp/mirror-reflection.cpp
index 2cc82ea..7c163c8 100644
--- a/cpp/mirror-reflection.cpp
+++ b/cpp/mirror-reflection.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 class Solution {
-public:
-    int mirrorReflection(int p, int q)
-    {
+  public:
+    int mirrorReflection(int p, int q) {
         auto lcm = p * q / std::gcd(p, q);
         auto x = lcm / p;
         auto y = lcm / q;
diff --git a/cpp/my-calendar-i.cpp b/cpp/my-calendar-i.cpp
index b6a2f65..9148eb1 100644
--- a/cpp/my-calendar-i.cpp
+++ b/cpp/my-calendar-i.cpp
@@ -8,25 +8,20 @@ struct range_t {
     int start;
     int end;
 
-    range_t(int start, int end)
-        : start(start)
-        , end(end)
-    {
-    }
+    range_t(int start, int end) : start(start), end(end) {}
 
     bool has(int x) const { return x > start && x < end; }
 
-    bool operator>(const range_t& other) const { return start > other.start; }
+    bool operator>(const range_t &other) const { return start > other.start; }
 
-    bool operator==(const range_t& other) const
-    {
+    bool operator==(const range_t &other) const {
         return start == other.start && end == other.end;
     }
 };
 
-bool overlaps(const range_t& a, const range_t& b)
-{
-    return a == b || a.has(b.start) || a.has(b.end) || b.has(a.start) || b.has(a.end);
+bool overlaps(const range_t &a, const range_t &b) {
+    return a == b || a.has(b.start) || a.has(b.end) || b.has(a.start) ||
+           b.has(a.end);
 }
 
 } // namespace
@@ -34,11 +29,10 @@ bool overlaps(const range_t& a, const range_t& b)
 class MyCalendar {
     std::vector<range_t> entries;
 
-public:
+  public:
     MyCalendar() = default;
 
-    bool book(int start, int end)
-    {
+    bool book(int start, int end) {
         entries.emplace_back(start, end);
 
         auto it = entries.end();
@@ -69,15 +63,14 @@ public:
  * bool param_1 = obj->book(start,end);
  */
 
-static void test_case_1()
-{
+static void test_case_1() {
     std::cout << "=== TEST CASE 1 ===\n";
 
-    std::vector<range_t> entries { { 47, 50 }, { 33, 41 }, { 39, 45 }, { 33, 42 },
-        { 25, 32 }, { 26, 35 }, { 19, 25 }, { 3, 8 },
-        { 8, 13 }, { 18, 27 } };
-    std::vector<bool> expected { true, true, false, false, true,
-        false, true, true, true, false };
+    std::vector<range_t> entries{{47, 50}, {33, 41}, {39, 45}, {33, 42},
+                                 {25, 32}, {26, 35}, {19, 25}, {3, 8},
+                                 {8, 13},  {18, 27}};
+    std::vector<bool> expected{true,  true, false, false, true,
+                               false, true, true,  true,  false};
 
     MyCalendar c;
     for (auto i = 0; i < entries.size(); i++) {
@@ -90,12 +83,12 @@ static void test_case_1()
     }
 }
 
-static void test_case_2()
-{
+static void test_case_2() {
     std::cout << "=== TEST CASE 2 ===\n";
 
-    std::vector<range_t> entries { { 37, 50 }, { 33, 50 }, { 4, 17 }, { 35, 48 }, { 8, 25 } };
-    std::vector<bool> expected { true, false, true, false, false };
+    std::vector<range_t> entries{
+        {37, 50}, {33, 50}, {4, 17}, {35, 48}, {8, 25}};
+    std::vector<bool> expected{true, false, true, false, false};
 
     MyCalendar c;
     for (auto i = 0; i < entries.size(); i++) {
@@ -108,22 +101,19 @@ static void test_case_2()
     }
 }
 
-static void test_case_3()
-{
+static void test_case_3() {
     std::cout << "=== TEST CASE 3 ===\n";
 
-    std::vector<range_t> entries {
-        { 20, 29 }, { 13, 22 }, { 44, 50 }, { 1, 7 }, { 2, 10 }, { 14, 20 },
-        { 19, 25 }, { 36, 42 }, { 45, 50 }, { 47, 50 }, { 39, 45 }, { 44, 50 },
-        { 16, 25 }, { 45, 50 }, { 45, 50 }, { 12, 20 }, { 21, 29 }, { 11, 20 },
-        { 12, 17 }, { 34, 40 }, { 10, 18 }, { 38, 44 }, { 23, 32 }, { 38, 44 },
-        { 15, 20 }, { 27, 33 }, { 34, 42 }, { 44, 50 }, { 35, 40 }, { 24, 31 }
-    };
-    std::vector<bool> expected {
-        true, false, true, true, false, true, false, true, false, false,
+    std::vector<range_t> entries{
+        {20, 29}, {13, 22}, {44, 50}, {1, 7},   {2, 10},  {14, 20},
+        {19, 25}, {36, 42}, {45, 50}, {47, 50}, {39, 45}, {44, 50},
+        {16, 25}, {45, 50}, {45, 50}, {12, 20}, {21, 29}, {11, 20},
+        {12, 17}, {34, 40}, {10, 18}, {38, 44}, {23, 32}, {38, 44},
+        {15, 20}, {27, 33}, {34, 42}, {44, 50}, {35, 40}, {24, 31}};
+    std::vector<bool> expected{
+        true,  false, true,  true,  false, true,  false, true,  false, false,
         false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false,
-        false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false
-    };
+        false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false};
 
     MyCalendar c;
     for (auto i = 0; i < entries.size(); i++) {
@@ -136,8 +126,7 @@ static void test_case_3()
     }
 }
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     MyCalendar c;
     assert(c.book(10, 20));
     assert(!c.book(15, 25));
diff --git a/cpp/n-ary-tree-level-order-traversal.cpp b/cpp/n-ary-tree-level-order-traversal.cpp
index 68d870e..9fced78 100644
--- a/cpp/n-ary-tree-level-order-traversal.cpp
+++ b/cpp/n-ary-tree-level-order-traversal.cpp
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ public:
 */
 
 class Solution {
-    void levelOrder(vector<vector<int>>& traversal, Node* root, int level)
-    {
+    void levelOrder(vector<vector<int>> &traversal, Node *root, int level) {
         if (root == nullptr) {
             return;
         }
@@ -37,9 +36,8 @@ class Solution {
         }
     }
 
-public:
-    vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(Node* root)
-    {
+  public:
+    vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(Node *root) {
         vector<vector<int>> result;
         levelOrder(result, root, 0);
         return result;
diff --git a/cpp/n-ary-tree-preorder-traversal.cpp b/cpp/n-ary-tree-preorder-traversal.cpp
index ee66ae8..a747b53 100644
--- a/cpp/n-ary-tree-preorder-traversal.cpp
+++ b/cpp/n-ary-tree-preorder-traversal.cpp
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ public:
 */
 
 class Solution {
-    void preorder(vector<int>& traversal, Node* root)
-    {
+    void preorder(vector<int> &traversal, Node *root) {
         if (root == nullptr) {
             return;
         }
@@ -33,9 +32,8 @@ class Solution {
         }
     }
 
-public:
-    vector<int> preorder(Node* root)
-    {
+  public:
+    vector<int> preorder(Node *root) {
         vector<int> result;
         preorder(result, root);
         return result;
diff --git a/cpp/number-of-laser-beams-in-a-bank.cpp b/cpp/number-of-laser-beams-in-a-bank.cpp
index c9bebc2..488232f 100644
--- a/cpp/number-of-laser-beams-in-a-bank.cpp
+++ b/cpp/number-of-laser-beams-in-a-bank.cpp
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    int numberOfBeams(const std::vector<std::string>& bank) {
+  public:
+    int numberOfBeams(const std::vector<std::string> &bank) {
         int beams = 0;
 
         int last_row = 0;
-        for (const auto& row : bank) {
-            if (auto current_row = std::count(row.begin(), row.end(), '1'); current_row != 0) {
+        for (const auto &row : bank) {
+            if (auto current_row = std::count(row.begin(), row.end(), '1');
+                current_row != 0) {
                 beams += last_row * current_row;
                 last_row = current_row;
             }
@@ -18,4 +19,3 @@ public:
         return beams;
     }
 };
-
diff --git a/cpp/number-of-matching-subsequences.cpp b/cpp/number-of-matching-subsequences.cpp
index 50e70eb..2330124 100644
--- a/cpp/number-of-matching-subsequences.cpp
+++ b/cpp/number-of-matching-subsequences.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 class Solution {
-    bool matches(const string& s, const string& word) const
-    {
+    bool matches(const string &s, const string &word) const {
         auto s_i = 0;
 
         for (auto i = 0; s_i < s.size() && i < word.size(); i++) {
@@ -12,23 +11,23 @@ class Solution {
         return s_i == s.size();
     }
 
-    map<string, int> preprocess(const vector<string>& words) const
-    {
+    map<string, int> preprocess(const vector<string> &words) const {
         map<string, int> histogram;
 
-        for (auto& w : words) {
+        for (auto &w : words) {
             histogram[w]++;
         }
 
         return histogram;
     }
 
-public:
-    int numMatchingSubseq(string s, vector<string>& words)
-    {
+  public:
+    int numMatchingSubseq(string s, vector<string> &words) {
         auto histogram = preprocess(words);
-        return accumulate(histogram.begin(), histogram.end(), 0, [&](int acc, const auto& pair) {
-            return acc + (matches(pair.first, s) ? pair.second : 0);
-        });
+        return accumulate(histogram.begin(), histogram.end(), 0,
+                          [&](int acc, const auto &pair) {
+                              return acc +
+                                     (matches(pair.first, s) ? pair.second : 0);
+                          });
     }
 };
diff --git a/cpp/numbers-with-same-consecutive-differences.cpp b/cpp/numbers-with-same-consecutive-differences.cpp
index dfdb7b4..98cc6e7 100644
--- a/cpp/numbers-with-same-consecutive-differences.cpp
+++ b/cpp/numbers-with-same-consecutive-differences.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-void nums_same_consec_diff(int n, int k, std::vector<int>& nums, int number)
-{
+void nums_same_consec_diff(int n, int k, std::vector<int> &nums, int number) {
     if (n == 0) {
         nums.push_back(number);
         return;
@@ -17,12 +16,11 @@ void nums_same_consec_diff(int n, int k, std::vector<int>& nums, int number)
     }
 }
 
-}
+} // namespace
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    std::vector<int> numsSameConsecDiff(int n, int k)
-    {
+  public:
+    std::vector<int> numsSameConsecDiff(int n, int k) {
         std::vector<int> nums;
 
         for (int d = 1; d < 10; d++) {
@@ -37,36 +35,32 @@ public:
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-TEST(examples, first)
-{
+TEST(examples, first) {
     Solution s;
-    ASSERT_EQ(s.numsSameConsecDiff(3, 7), (std::vector { 181, 292, 707, 818, 929 }));
+    ASSERT_EQ(s.numsSameConsecDiff(3, 7),
+              (std::vector{181, 292, 707, 818, 929}));
 }
 
-TEST(examples, second)
-{
+TEST(examples, second) {
     Solution s;
     ASSERT_EQ(s.numsSameConsecDiff(2, 1),
-        (std::vector { 10, 12, 21, 23, 32, 34, 43, 45, 54, 56, 65, 67, 76, 78,
-            87, 89, 98 }));
+              (std::vector{10, 12, 21, 23, 32, 34, 43, 45, 54, 56, 65, 67, 76,
+                           78, 87, 89, 98}));
 }
 
-TEST(same, two)
-{
+TEST(same, two) {
     Solution s;
     ASSERT_EQ(s.numsSameConsecDiff(2, 0),
-        (std::vector { 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99 }));
+              (std::vector{11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99}));
 }
 
-TEST(same, three)
-{
+TEST(same, three) {
     Solution s;
     ASSERT_EQ(s.numsSameConsecDiff(3, 0),
-        (std::vector { 111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, 999 }));
+              (std::vector{111, 222, 333, 444, 555, 666, 777, 888, 999}));
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
     return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }
diff --git a/cpp/out-of-boundary-paths.cpp b/cpp/out-of-boundary-paths.cpp
index d731fd8..f6db2e4 100644
--- a/cpp/out-of-boundary-paths.cpp
+++ b/cpp/out-of-boundary-paths.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 class Solution {
-private:
+  private:
     const static unsigned CAP = 1000000007;
 
     class dp {
@@ -9,9 +9,7 @@ private:
 
         std::vector<std::vector<std::map<int, unsigned>>> paths;
 
-        int
-        dfs(int y, int x, int moves)
-        {
+        int dfs(int y, int x, int moves) {
             if (y < 0 || y >= rows || x < 0 || x >= cols) {
                 // BASE: we got out of the bounds
                 return 1;
@@ -28,8 +26,8 @@ private:
             }
 
             int options = 0;
-            for (auto& [dx, dy] : std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> {
-                     { 0, 1 }, { 1, 0 }, { 0, -1 }, { -1, 0 } }) {
+            for (auto &[dx, dy] : std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>{
+                     {0, 1}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {-1, 0}}) {
                 options = (options + dfs(y + dy, x + dx, moves - 1)) % CAP;
             }
             paths[y][x][moves] = options;
@@ -37,26 +35,17 @@ private:
             return options;
         }
 
-    public:
+      public:
         dp(int rows, int cols, int maxMove)
-            : rows(rows)
-            , cols(cols)
-            , maxMove(maxMove)
-            , paths(rows, std::vector<std::map<int, unsigned>>(cols))
-        {
-        }
+            : rows(rows), cols(cols), maxMove(maxMove),
+              paths(rows, std::vector<std::map<int, unsigned>>(cols)) {}
 
-        int
-        get(int row, int col)
-        {
-            return dfs(row, col, maxMove);
-        }
+        int get(int row, int col) { return dfs(row, col, maxMove); }
     };
 
-public:
-    int
-    findPaths(int m, int n, int maxMove, int startRow, int startColumn) const
-    {
+  public:
+    int findPaths(int m, int n, int maxMove, int startRow,
+                  int startColumn) const {
         return dp(m, n, maxMove).get(startRow, startColumn);
     }
 };
diff --git a/cpp/palindrome-linked-list.cpp b/cpp/palindrome-linked-list.cpp
index c6ba84a..bd75a5c 100644
--- a/cpp/palindrome-linked-list.cpp
+++ b/cpp/palindrome-linked-list.cpp
@@ -14,42 +14,24 @@
 
 struct ListNode {
     int val;
-    ListNode* next;
-    ListNode()
-        : val(0)
-        , next(nullptr)
-    {
-    }
-    ListNode(int x)
-        : val(x)
-        , next(nullptr)
-    {
-    }
-    ListNode(int x, ListNode* next)
-        : val(x)
-        , next(next)
-    {
-    }
+    ListNode *next;
+    ListNode() : val(0), next(nullptr) {}
+    ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}
+    ListNode(int x, ListNode *next) : val(x), next(next) {}
 };
 
 namespace {
 
 struct middle_t {
-    ListNode* node;
+    ListNode *node;
     std::size_t size;
 
-    middle_t(ListNode* node, std::size_t size)
-        : node(node)
-        , size(size)
-    {
-    }
+    middle_t(ListNode *node, std::size_t size) : node(node), size(size) {}
 };
 
-middle_t
-find_middle(ListNode* head)
-{
-    ListNode* slow = head;
-    ListNode* fast = head->next;
+middle_t find_middle(ListNode *head) {
+    ListNode *slow = head;
+    ListNode *fast = head->next;
 
     std::size_t size;
     for (size = 0; fast != nullptr && fast->next != nullptr; size++) {
@@ -57,15 +39,15 @@ find_middle(ListNode* head)
         fast = fast->next->next;
     }
 
-    return { slow, size };
+    return {slow, size};
 }
 
-ListNode* reverse_list(ListNode* tail)
-{
-    ListNode* previous = nullptr;
-    ListNode* next = nullptr;
+ListNode *reverse_list(ListNode *tail) {
+    ListNode *previous = nullptr;
+    ListNode *next = nullptr;
 
-    for (ListNode* current = tail; current != nullptr; previous = current, current = next) {
+    for (ListNode *current = tail; current != nullptr;
+         previous = current, current = next) {
         next = current->next;
         current->next = previous;
     }
@@ -73,8 +55,7 @@ ListNode* reverse_list(ListNode* tail)
     return previous;
 }
 
-bool compare_lists(ListNode* left, ListNode* right, std::size_t size)
-{
+bool compare_lists(ListNode *left, ListNode *right, std::size_t size) {
     for (auto i = 0u; i < size + 1; i++) {
         if (left->val != right->val) {
             return false;
@@ -89,9 +70,8 @@ bool compare_lists(ListNode* left, ListNode* right, std::size_t size)
 } // namespace
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    bool isPalindrome(ListNode* head)
-    {
+  public:
+    bool isPalindrome(ListNode *head) {
         // find middle of the linked list
         auto mid = find_middle(head);
 
@@ -106,11 +86,9 @@ public:
 #pragma region Testing utilities
 namespace {
 
-ListNode*
-construct_list(const std::vector<int>& values)
-{
-    ListNode* head = new ListNode(values.front());
-    ListNode* tail = head;
+ListNode *construct_list(const std::vector<int> &values) {
+    ListNode *head = new ListNode(values.front());
+    ListNode *tail = head;
 
     for (std::size_t i = 1; i < values.size(); i++) {
         tail->next = new ListNode(values[i]);
@@ -120,8 +98,7 @@ construct_list(const std::vector<int>& values)
     return head;
 }
 
-void destroy_list(ListNode* linked_list)
-{
+void destroy_list(ListNode *linked_list) {
     if (linked_list == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
@@ -129,8 +106,7 @@ void destroy_list(ListNode* linked_list)
     delete linked_list;
 }
 
-bool test_find_middle(const std::vector<int>& values, int mid_value)
-{
+bool test_find_middle(const std::vector<int> &values, int mid_value) {
     auto linked_list = construct_list(values);
 
     auto mid = find_middle(linked_list);
@@ -140,8 +116,7 @@ bool test_find_middle(const std::vector<int>& values, int mid_value)
     return result;
 }
 
-bool test_isPalindrome(const std::vector<int>& values)
-{
+bool test_isPalindrome(const std::vector<int> &values) {
     auto linked_list = construct_list(values);
 
     Solution s;
@@ -154,19 +129,18 @@ bool test_isPalindrome(const std::vector<int>& values)
 } // namespace
 #pragma endregion // Testing utilities
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     // find_middle tests
-    assert(test_find_middle(std::vector { 1, 2, 2, 1 }, 2));
-    assert(test_find_middle(std::vector { 1, 2, 3, 2, 1 }, 3));
-    assert(test_find_middle(std::vector { 1, 2 }, 1));
-    assert(test_find_middle(std::vector { 1 }, 1));
+    assert(test_find_middle(std::vector{1, 2, 2, 1}, 2));
+    assert(test_find_middle(std::vector{1, 2, 3, 2, 1}, 3));
+    assert(test_find_middle(std::vector{1, 2}, 1));
+    assert(test_find_middle(std::vector{1}, 1));
 
     // isPalindrome tests
-    assert(test_isPalindrome(std::vector { 1, 2, 2, 1 }));
-    assert(test_isPalindrome(std::vector { 1, 2, 3, 2, 1 }));
-    assert(!test_isPalindrome(std::vector { 1, 2 }));
-    assert(test_isPalindrome(std::vector { 1 }));
+    assert(test_isPalindrome(std::vector{1, 2, 2, 1}));
+    assert(test_isPalindrome(std::vector{1, 2, 3, 2, 1}));
+    assert(!test_isPalindrome(std::vector{1, 2}));
+    assert(test_isPalindrome(std::vector{1}));
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/cpp/partition-list.cpp b/cpp/partition-list.cpp
index e6cdc51..cfea36a 100644
--- a/cpp/partition-list.cpp
+++ b/cpp/partition-list.cpp
@@ -9,22 +9,20 @@
  * };
  */
 class Solution {
-    ListNode* update_tail(ListNode* tail, ListNode* node) const
-    {
+    ListNode *update_tail(ListNode *tail, ListNode *node) const {
         if (tail != nullptr) {
             tail->next = node;
         }
         return node;
     }
 
-public:
-    ListNode* partition(ListNode* head, int x)
-    {
-        ListNode* left_head = nullptr;
-        ListNode* right_head = nullptr;
+  public:
+    ListNode *partition(ListNode *head, int x) {
+        ListNode *left_head = nullptr;
+        ListNode *right_head = nullptr;
 
-        ListNode* left_tail = nullptr;
-        ListNode* right_tail = nullptr;
+        ListNode *left_tail = nullptr;
+        ListNode *right_tail = nullptr;
 
         while (head != nullptr) {
             auto next_head = head->next;
diff --git a/cpp/pascals-triangle-ii.cpp b/cpp/pascals-triangle-ii.cpp
index f4f5db4..fc55fd8 100644
--- a/cpp/pascals-triangle-ii.cpp
+++ b/cpp/pascals-triangle-ii.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 class Solution {
-public:
-    vector<int> getRow(int rowIndex)
-    {
+  public:
+    vector<int> getRow(int rowIndex) {
         vector<int> result;
 
         result.push_back(1);
         for (auto k = 0; k < rowIndex; k++) {
-            auto next = static_cast<int>(
-                static_cast<long>(result.back()) * (rowIndex - k) / (k + 1));
+            auto next = static_cast<int>(static_cast<long>(result.back()) *
+                                         (rowIndex - k) / (k + 1));
             result.push_back(next);
         }
 
diff --git a/cpp/pascals-triangle.cpp b/cpp/pascals-triangle.cpp
index 61ad1da..1c38a84 100644
--- a/cpp/pascals-triangle.cpp
+++ b/cpp/pascals-triangle.cpp
@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
 class Solution {
-    int getN(const vector<int>& previousRow, int n)
-    {
+    int getN(const vector<int> &previousRow, int n) {
         if (n == 0 || n == previousRow.size()) {
             return 1;
         }
         return previousRow[n - 1] + previousRow[n];
     }
 
-public:
-    vector<vector<int>> generate(int numRows)
-    {
+  public:
+    vector<vector<int>> generate(int numRows) {
         if (numRows <= 0) {
             return {};
         }
 
-        vector<vector<int>> result { vector<int> { 1 } };
+        vector<vector<int>> result{vector<int>{1}};
         for (auto i = 2; i <= numRows; i++) {
-            auto& previous = result.back();
+            auto &previous = result.back();
             vector<int> current;
 
             for (auto j = 0; j < i; j++) {
diff --git a/cpp/ransom-note.cpp b/cpp/ransom-note.cpp
index cdc7b79..a323935 100644
--- a/cpp/ransom-note.cpp
+++ b/cpp/ransom-note.cpp
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-std::map<char, int> build_freqs(const std::string& input)
-{
+std::map<char, int> build_freqs(const std::string &input) {
     std::map<char, int> freqs;
 
     for (auto c : input) {
@@ -15,8 +14,7 @@ std::map<char, int> build_freqs(const std::string& input)
     return freqs;
 }
 
-bool subtract(std::map<char, int> available, const std::string& message)
-{
+bool subtract(std::map<char, int> available, const std::string &message) {
     for (auto c : message) {
         available[c]--;
 
@@ -28,19 +26,18 @@ bool subtract(std::map<char, int> available, const std::string& message)
     return true;
 }
 
-}
+} // namespace
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    bool canConstruct(const std::string& ransomNote, const std::string& magazine)
-    {
+  public:
+    bool canConstruct(const std::string &ransomNote,
+                      const std::string &magazine) {
         auto available = build_freqs(magazine);
         return subtract(available, ransomNote);
     }
 };
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     Solution s;
 
     assert(!s.canConstruct("a", "b"));
diff --git a/cpp/removing-stars-from-a-string.cpp b/cpp/removing-stars-from-a-string.cpp
index cb659ff..245ec84 100644
--- a/cpp/removing-stars-from-a-string.cpp
+++ b/cpp/removing-stars-from-a-string.cpp
@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    std::string removeStars(const std::string& s)
-    {
+  public:
+    std::string removeStars(const std::string &s) {
         std::vector<char> without_stars;
 
         for (auto c : s) {
@@ -15,6 +14,6 @@ public:
             }
         }
 
-        return std::string { without_stars.begin(), without_stars.end() };
+        return std::string{without_stars.begin(), without_stars.end()};
     }
 };
diff --git a/cpp/reordered-power-of-2.cpp b/cpp/reordered-power-of-2.cpp
index 3734223..a4b41c1 100644
--- a/cpp/reordered-power-of-2.cpp
+++ b/cpp/reordered-power-of-2.cpp
@@ -4,10 +4,7 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-bool is_power_of_2(int n)
-{
-    return (n & (n - 1)) == 0;
-}
+bool is_power_of_2(int n) { return (n & (n - 1)) == 0; }
 
 class permutations {
     using values_t = typename std::vector<char>;
@@ -16,46 +13,38 @@ class permutations {
         values_t elements;
         bool last;
 
-    public:
+      public:
         p_iter(values_t elements, bool last = false)
-            : elements(elements)
-            , last(last)
-        {
-        }
+            : elements(elements), last(last) {}
 
-        const values_t& operator*() const { return elements; }
+        const values_t &operator*() const { return elements; }
 
-        p_iter& operator++()
-        {
+        p_iter &operator++() {
             if (!std::next_permutation(elements.begin(), elements.end())) {
                 last = true;
             }
             return *this;
         }
 
-        bool operator==(const p_iter& other) const
-        {
+        bool operator==(const p_iter &other) const {
             return last == other.last && elements == other.elements;
         }
 
-        bool operator!=(const p_iter& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+        bool operator!=(const p_iter &other) const { return !(*this == other); }
     };
 
     values_t elements;
 
-public:
-    permutations(const values_t& input_ints)
-        : elements(input_ints)
-    {
+  public:
+    permutations(const values_t &input_ints) : elements(input_ints) {
         std::sort(elements.begin(), elements.end());
     }
 
-    p_iter begin() const { return { elements, elements.empty() }; }
-    p_iter end() const { return { elements, true }; }
+    p_iter begin() const { return {elements, elements.empty()}; }
+    p_iter end() const { return {elements, true}; }
 };
 
-std::vector<char> to_vector(int n)
-{
+std::vector<char> to_vector(int n) {
     if (n == 0) {
         return std::vector<char>(1, 0);
     }
@@ -70,8 +59,7 @@ std::vector<char> to_vector(int n)
     return digits;
 }
 
-int to_number(const std::vector<char> digits)
-{
+int to_number(const std::vector<char> digits) {
     int number = 0;
 
     for (auto digit : digits) {
@@ -81,13 +69,12 @@ int to_number(const std::vector<char> digits)
     return number;
 }
 
-}
+} // namespace
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    bool reorderedPowerOf2(int n)
-    {
-        for (const auto& permutation : permutations(to_vector(n))) {
+  public:
+    bool reorderedPowerOf2(int n) {
+        for (const auto &permutation : permutations(to_vector(n))) {
             if (permutation.front() == 0) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -101,8 +88,7 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     Solution s;
 
     assert(s.reorderedPowerOf2(1));
diff --git a/cpp/rotate-image.cpp b/cpp/rotate-image.cpp
index 324b6ff..d25b533 100644
--- a/cpp/rotate-image.cpp
+++ b/cpp/rotate-image.cpp
@@ -2,16 +2,15 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    void rotate(std::vector<std::vector<int>>& matrix)
-    {
+  public:
+    void rotate(std::vector<std::vector<int>> &matrix) {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < matrix.size(); i++) {
             for (std::size_t j = i; j < matrix.size(); j++) {
                 std::swap(matrix[i][j], matrix[j][i]);
             }
         }
 
-        for (auto& row : matrix) {
+        for (auto &row : matrix) {
             std::reverse(row.begin(), row.end());
         }
     }
diff --git a/cpp/same-tree.cpp b/cpp/same-tree.cpp
index 8ec70c0..18210fb 100644
--- a/cpp/same-tree.cpp
+++ b/cpp/same-tree.cpp
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
  *     TreeNode *right;
  *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
  *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
- *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
+ *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left),
+ * right(right) {}
  * };
  */
 class Solution {
-public:
-    bool isSameTree(TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q)
-    {
+  public:
+    bool isSameTree(TreeNode *p, TreeNode *q) {
         if (p == nullptr && q == nullptr) {
             return true;
         }
diff --git a/cpp/snapshot-array.cpp b/cpp/snapshot-array.cpp
index f0e2962..16bd0df 100644
--- a/cpp/snapshot-array.cpp
+++ b/cpp/snapshot-array.cpp
@@ -7,24 +7,14 @@ class SnapshotArray {
     int snap_id = 0;
     std::vector<std::map<int, int>> arr;
 
-public:
-    SnapshotArray(int length)
-        : arr(length, std::map<int, int> { { 0, 0 } })
-    {
-    }
+  public:
+    SnapshotArray(int length) : arr(length, std::map<int, int>{{0, 0}}) {}
 
-    void set(int index, int val)
-    {
-        arr[index][snap_id] = val;
-    }
+    void set(int index, int val) { arr[index][snap_id] = val; }
 
-    int snap()
-    {
-        return snap_id++;
-    }
+    int snap() { return snap_id++; }
 
-    int get(int index, int snap_id)
-    {
+    int get(int index, int snap_id) {
         auto it = std::prev(arr[index].lower_bound(snap_id + 1));
         return it == arr[index].end() ? 0 : it->second;
     }
@@ -38,8 +28,7 @@ public:
  * int param_3 = obj->get(index,snap_id);
  */
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     SnapshotArray arr(3);
     arr.set(0, 5);
     assert(arr.snap() == 0);
diff --git a/cpp/sort-the-matrix-diagonally.cpp b/cpp/sort-the-matrix-diagonally.cpp
index 9ad363d..c3a80c4 100644
--- a/cpp/sort-the-matrix-diagonally.cpp
+++ b/cpp/sort-the-matrix-diagonally.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,8 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-template <typename T>
-void print_matrix(const std::vector<std::vector<T>>& m)
-{
-    for (const auto& row : m) {
+template <typename T> void print_matrix(const std::vector<std::vector<T>> &m) {
+    for (const auto &row : m) {
         for (auto x : row) {
             std::cout << x << " ";
         }
@@ -21,48 +19,41 @@ void print_matrix(const std::vector<std::vector<T>>& m)
     std::cout << "\n";
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-class diagonal {
-    std::vector<std::vector<T>>& matrix;
+template <typename T> class diagonal {
+    std::vector<std::vector<T>> &matrix;
     std::size_t x;
     std::size_t y;
 
     class diagonal_iter {
-        std::vector<std::vector<T>>& m;
+        std::vector<std::vector<T>> &m;
         std::size_t x;
         std::size_t y;
 
-    public:
+      public:
         using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
         using value_type = T;
-        using pointer = T*;
-        using reference = T&;
+        using pointer = T *;
+        using reference = T &;
         using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
 
-        diagonal_iter(std::vector<std::vector<T>>& matrix,
-            std::size_t x,
-            std::size_t y)
-            : m(matrix)
-            , x(x)
-            , y(y)
-        {
-        }
+        diagonal_iter(std::vector<std::vector<T>> &matrix, std::size_t x,
+                      std::size_t y)
+            : m(matrix), x(x), y(y) {}
 
-        bool operator!=(const diagonal_iter& rhs) const
-        {
+        bool operator!=(const diagonal_iter &rhs) const {
             return m != rhs.m || x != rhs.x || y != rhs.y;
         }
-        bool operator==(const diagonal_iter& rhs) const { return !(*this != rhs); }
+        bool operator==(const diagonal_iter &rhs) const {
+            return !(*this != rhs);
+        }
 
-        diagonal_iter& operator++()
-        {
+        diagonal_iter &operator++() {
             x++;
             y++;
             return *this;
         }
 
-        diagonal_iter operator--()
-        {
+        diagonal_iter operator--() {
             x--;
             y--;
             return *this;
@@ -70,21 +61,18 @@ class diagonal {
 
         reference operator*() const { return m[y][x]; }
 
-        diagonal_iter operator-(difference_type n) const
-        {
-            return diagonal_iter { m, x - n, y - n };
+        diagonal_iter operator-(difference_type n) const {
+            return diagonal_iter{m, x - n, y - n};
         }
-        int operator-(const diagonal_iter& rhs) const { return x - rhs.x; }
+        int operator-(const diagonal_iter &rhs) const { return x - rhs.x; }
 
-        diagonal_iter operator+(difference_type n) const
-        {
-            return diagonal_iter { m, x + n, y + n };
+        diagonal_iter operator+(difference_type n) const {
+            return diagonal_iter{m, x + n, y + n};
         }
 
-        bool operator<(const diagonal_iter& rhs) const { return x < rhs.x; }
+        bool operator<(const diagonal_iter &rhs) const { return x < rhs.x; }
 
-        diagonal_iter& operator=(const diagonal_iter& rhs)
-        {
+        diagonal_iter &operator=(const diagonal_iter &rhs) {
             if (this != &rhs) // not a self-assignment
             {
                 this->m = rhs.m;
@@ -95,53 +83,40 @@ class diagonal {
         }
     };
 
-public:
-    diagonal(std::vector<std::vector<T>>& matrix, std::size_t x, std::size_t y)
-        : matrix(matrix)
-        , x(x)
-        , y(y)
-    {
-    }
+  public:
+    diagonal(std::vector<std::vector<T>> &matrix, std::size_t x, std::size_t y)
+        : matrix(matrix), x(x), y(y) {}
 
-    diagonal_iter begin() const { return diagonal_iter { matrix, x, y }; }
+    diagonal_iter begin() const { return diagonal_iter{matrix, x, y}; }
 
-    diagonal_iter end() const
-    {
+    diagonal_iter end() const {
         auto max_x = matrix[y].size();
         auto max_y = matrix.size();
 
         auto steps = std::min(max_x - x, max_y - y);
 
-        return diagonal_iter { matrix, x + steps, y + steps };
+        return diagonal_iter{matrix, x + steps, y + steps};
     }
 };
 
-template <typename T>
-class diagonals {
-    std::vector<std::vector<T>>& _matrix;
+template <typename T> class diagonals {
+    std::vector<std::vector<T>> &_matrix;
 
     class diagonals_iter {
-        std::vector<std::vector<T>>& m;
+        std::vector<std::vector<T>> &m;
         std::size_t x;
         std::size_t y;
 
-    public:
-        diagonals_iter(std::vector<std::vector<T>>& matrix,
-            std::size_t x,
-            std::size_t y)
-            : m(matrix)
-            , x(x)
-            , y(y)
-        {
-        }
+      public:
+        diagonals_iter(std::vector<std::vector<T>> &matrix, std::size_t x,
+                       std::size_t y)
+            : m(matrix), x(x), y(y) {}
 
-        bool operator!=(const diagonals_iter& rhs) const
-        {
+        bool operator!=(const diagonals_iter &rhs) const {
             return m != rhs.m || x != rhs.x || y != rhs.y;
         }
 
-        diagonals_iter& operator++()
-        {
+        diagonals_iter &operator++() {
             if (y != 0) {
                 // iterating through diagonals down the first column
                 y++;
@@ -159,24 +134,21 @@ class diagonals {
             return *this;
         }
 
-        diagonal<T> operator*() const { return diagonal { m, x, y }; }
+        diagonal<T> operator*() const { return diagonal{m, x, y}; }
     };
 
-public:
-    diagonals(std::vector<std::vector<T>>& matrix)
-        : _matrix(matrix)
-    {
-    }
-    diagonals_iter begin() { return diagonals_iter { _matrix, 0, 0 }; }
-    diagonals_iter end() { return diagonals_iter { _matrix, 0, _matrix.size() }; }
+  public:
+    diagonals(std::vector<std::vector<T>> &matrix) : _matrix(matrix) {}
+    diagonals_iter begin() { return diagonals_iter{_matrix, 0, 0}; }
+    diagonals_iter end() { return diagonals_iter{_matrix, 0, _matrix.size()}; }
 };
 
 } // namespace
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    std::vector<std::vector<int>> diagonalSort(std::vector<std::vector<int>> mat)
-    {
+  public:
+    std::vector<std::vector<int>>
+    diagonalSort(std::vector<std::vector<int>> mat) {
         for (auto d : diagonals(mat)) {
             std::sort(d.begin(), d.end());
         }
@@ -185,44 +157,38 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-static void
-test_case_1()
-{
+static void test_case_1() {
     // Input: mat = [[3,3,1,1],[2,2,1,2],[1,1,1,2]]
     // Output: [[1,1,1,1],[1,2,2,2],[1,2,3,3]]
 
     Solution s;
-    assert((s.diagonalSort(std::vector { std::vector { 3, 3, 1, 1 },
-                std::vector { 2, 2, 1, 2 },
-                std::vector { 1, 1, 1, 2 } })
-        == std::vector { std::vector { 1, 1, 1, 1 },
-            std::vector { 1, 2, 2, 2 },
-            std::vector { 1, 2, 3, 3 } }));
+    assert((s.diagonalSort(std::vector{std::vector{3, 3, 1, 1},
+                                       std::vector{2, 2, 1, 2},
+                                       std::vector{1, 1, 1, 2}}) ==
+            std::vector{std::vector{1, 1, 1, 1}, std::vector{1, 2, 2, 2},
+                        std::vector{1, 2, 3, 3}}));
 }
 
-static void
-test_case_2()
-{
+static void test_case_2() {
     // Input: mat =
     // [[11,25,66,1,69,7],[23,55,17,45,15,52],[75,31,36,44,58,8],[22,27,33,25,68,4],[84,28,14,11,5,50]]
     // Output:
     // [[5,17,4,1,52,7],[11,11,25,45,8,69],[14,23,25,44,58,15],[22,27,31,36,50,66],[84,28,75,33,55,68]]
 
     Solution s;
-    assert((s.diagonalSort(std::vector { std::vector { 11, 25, 66, 1, 69, 7 },
-                std::vector { 23, 55, 17, 45, 15, 52 },
-                std::vector { 75, 31, 36, 44, 58, 8 },
-                std::vector { 22, 27, 33, 25, 68, 4 },
-                std::vector { 84, 28, 14, 11, 5, 50 } })
-        == std::vector { std::vector { 5, 17, 4, 1, 52, 7 },
-            std::vector { 11, 11, 25, 45, 8, 69 },
-            std::vector { 14, 23, 25, 44, 58, 15 },
-            std::vector { 22, 27, 31, 36, 50, 66 },
-            std::vector { 84, 28, 75, 33, 55, 68 } }));
+    assert((s.diagonalSort(std::vector{std::vector{11, 25, 66, 1, 69, 7},
+                                       std::vector{23, 55, 17, 45, 15, 52},
+                                       std::vector{75, 31, 36, 44, 58, 8},
+                                       std::vector{22, 27, 33, 25, 68, 4},
+                                       std::vector{84, 28, 14, 11, 5, 50}}) ==
+            std::vector{std::vector{5, 17, 4, 1, 52, 7},
+                        std::vector{11, 11, 25, 45, 8, 69},
+                        std::vector{14, 23, 25, 44, 58, 15},
+                        std::vector{22, 27, 31, 36, 50, 66},
+                        std::vector{84, 28, 75, 33, 55, 68}}));
 }
 
-int main()
-{
+int main() {
     test_case_1();
     test_case_2();
 
diff --git a/cpp/spiral-matrix-ii.cpp b/cpp/spiral-matrix-ii.cpp
index c76e42b..ab93a1f 100644
--- a/cpp/spiral-matrix-ii.cpp
+++ b/cpp/spiral-matrix-ii.cpp
@@ -3,100 +3,103 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-  struct indices {
-    int x;
-    int y;
+    struct indices {
+        int x;
+        int y;
 
-    bool operator==(const indices& other) const = default;
-    indices& operator+=(const indices& other) {
-      x += other.x;
-      y += other.y;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    friend indices operator+(indices left, const indices& right) {
-      return left += right;
-    }
-
-    int& operator[](std::vector<std::vector<int>>& mat) const {
-      return mat[y][x];
-    }
-  };
-
-  struct spiral_indices {
-    spiral_indices(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& matrix)
-        : x_bounds{-1, static_cast<int>(matrix.size() ? matrix[0].size() : 0)},
-          y_bounds{-1, static_cast<int>(matrix.size())} {}
-
-    bool done() const { return !in_bounds(idx); }
-
-    spiral_indices& operator++() {
-      // update bounds and change the direction if cannot move
-      if (!in_bounds(idx + d)) {
-        // change the direction
-        d = {-d.y, d.x};
-
-        // get the magnitude of the vector
-        auto flat_d = d.x + d.y;
-
-        // decide whether we're moving x or y bounds
-        auto& bounds = d.x ? x_bounds : y_bounds;
-        if (flat_d > 0) {
-          bounds.x++;
-        } else {
-          bounds.y--;
+        bool operator==(const indices &other) const = default;
+        indices &operator+=(const indices &other) {
+            x += other.x;
+            y += other.y;
+            return *this;
         }
-      }
 
-      idx += d;
+        friend indices operator+(indices left, const indices &right) {
+            return left += right;
+        }
 
-      return *this;
+        int &operator[](std::vector<std::vector<int>> &mat) const {
+            return mat[y][x];
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct spiral_indices {
+        spiral_indices(const std::vector<std::vector<int>> &matrix)
+            : x_bounds{-1,
+                       static_cast<int>(matrix.size() ? matrix[0].size() : 0)},
+              y_bounds{-1, static_cast<int>(matrix.size())} {}
+
+        bool done() const { return !in_bounds(idx); }
+
+        spiral_indices &operator++() {
+            // update bounds and change the direction if cannot move
+            if (!in_bounds(idx + d)) {
+                // change the direction
+                d = {-d.y, d.x};
+
+                // get the magnitude of the vector
+                auto flat_d = d.x + d.y;
+
+                // decide whether we're moving x or y bounds
+                auto &bounds = d.x ? x_bounds : y_bounds;
+                if (flat_d > 0) {
+                    bounds.x++;
+                } else {
+                    bounds.y--;
+                }
+            }
+
+            idx += d;
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        int &operator[](std::vector<std::vector<int>> &mat) const {
+            return idx[mat];
+        }
+
+      private:
+        indices idx{0, 0};
+        indices d{1, 0};
+        indices x_bounds, y_bounds;
+
+        bool in_bounds(const indices &idx) const {
+            return (x_bounds.x < idx.x && idx.x < x_bounds.y) &&
+                   (y_bounds.x < idx.y && idx.y < y_bounds.y);
+        }
+    };
+
+  public:
+    std::vector<std::vector<int>> generateMatrix(int n) {
+        auto length = static_cast<std::size_t>(n);
+        std::vector<std::vector<int>> spiral{length,
+                                             std::vector<int>(length, 0)};
+
+        int i = 1;
+        for (spiral_indices idx{spiral}; !idx.done(); ++idx) {
+            idx[spiral] = i++;
+        }
+
+        return spiral;
     }
-
-    int& operator[](std::vector<std::vector<int>>& mat) const {
-      return idx[mat];
-    }
-
-   private:
-    indices idx{0, 0};
-    indices d{1, 0};
-    indices x_bounds, y_bounds;
-
-    bool in_bounds(const indices& idx) const {
-      return (x_bounds.x < idx.x && idx.x < x_bounds.y) &&
-             (y_bounds.x < idx.y && idx.y < y_bounds.y);
-    }
-  };
-
- public:
-  std::vector<std::vector<int>> generateMatrix(int n) {
-    auto length = static_cast<std::size_t>(n);
-    std::vector<std::vector<int>> spiral{length, std::vector<int>(length, 0)};
-
-    int i = 1;
-    for (spiral_indices idx{spiral}; !idx.done(); ++idx) {
-      idx[spiral] = i++;
-    }
-
-    return spiral;
-  }
 };
 
 int main() {
-  Solution s;
+    Solution s;
 
-  assert((s.generateMatrix(0) == std::vector<std::vector<int>>{}));
-  assert((s.generateMatrix(1) == std::vector<std::vector<int>>{{1}}));
-  assert(
-      (s.generateMatrix(2) == std::vector<std::vector<int>>{{1, 2}, {4, 3}}));
+    assert((s.generateMatrix(0) == std::vector<std::vector<int>>{}));
+    assert((s.generateMatrix(1) == std::vector<std::vector<int>>{{1}}));
+    assert(
+        (s.generateMatrix(2) == std::vector<std::vector<int>>{{1, 2}, {4, 3}}));
 
-  for (auto&& row : s.generateMatrix(3)) {
-    for (auto x : row) std::cout << x << " ";
-    std::cout << "\n";
-  }
+    for (auto &&row : s.generateMatrix(3)) {
+        for (auto x : row)
+            std::cout << x << " ";
+        std::cout << "\n";
+    }
 
-  assert((s.generateMatrix(3) ==
-          std::vector<std::vector<int>>{{1, 2, 3}, {8, 9, 4}, {7, 6, 5}}));
+    assert((s.generateMatrix(3) ==
+            std::vector<std::vector<int>>{{1, 2, 3}, {8, 9, 4}, {7, 6, 5}}));
 
-  return 0;
+    return 0;
 }
diff --git a/cpp/spiral-matrix.cpp b/cpp/spiral-matrix.cpp
index 8c4451e..e72d437 100644
--- a/cpp/spiral-matrix.cpp
+++ b/cpp/spiral-matrix.cpp
@@ -2,90 +2,90 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-  struct indices {
-    int x;
-    int y;
+    struct indices {
+        int x;
+        int y;
 
-    bool operator==(const indices& other) const = default;
-    indices& operator+=(const indices& other) {
-      x += other.x;
-      y += other.y;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    friend indices operator+(indices left, const indices& right) {
-      return left += right;
-    }
-
-    int operator[](const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& mat) const {
-      return mat[y][x];
-    }
-  };
-
-  struct spiral_indices {
-    spiral_indices(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& matrix)
-        : x_bounds{-1, static_cast<int>(matrix[0].size())},
-          y_bounds{-1, static_cast<int>(matrix.size())} {}
-
-    bool done() const { return !in_bounds(idx); }
-
-    spiral_indices& operator++() {
-      // update bounds and change the direction if cannot move
-      if (!in_bounds(idx + d)) {
-        // change the direction
-        d = {-d.y, d.x};
-
-        // get the magnitude of the vector
-        auto flat_d = d.x + d.y;
-
-        // decide whether we're moving x or y bounds
-        auto& bounds = d.x ? x_bounds : y_bounds;
-        if (flat_d > 0) {
-          bounds.x++;
-        } else {
-          bounds.y--;
+        bool operator==(const indices &other) const = default;
+        indices &operator+=(const indices &other) {
+            x += other.x;
+            y += other.y;
+            return *this;
         }
-      }
 
-      idx += d;
+        friend indices operator+(indices left, const indices &right) {
+            return left += right;
+        }
 
-      return *this;
+        int operator[](const std::vector<std::vector<int>> &mat) const {
+            return mat[y][x];
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct spiral_indices {
+        spiral_indices(const std::vector<std::vector<int>> &matrix)
+            : x_bounds{-1, static_cast<int>(matrix[0].size())},
+              y_bounds{-1, static_cast<int>(matrix.size())} {}
+
+        bool done() const { return !in_bounds(idx); }
+
+        spiral_indices &operator++() {
+            // update bounds and change the direction if cannot move
+            if (!in_bounds(idx + d)) {
+                // change the direction
+                d = {-d.y, d.x};
+
+                // get the magnitude of the vector
+                auto flat_d = d.x + d.y;
+
+                // decide whether we're moving x or y bounds
+                auto &bounds = d.x ? x_bounds : y_bounds;
+                if (flat_d > 0) {
+                    bounds.x++;
+                } else {
+                    bounds.y--;
+                }
+            }
+
+            idx += d;
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        int operator[](const std::vector<std::vector<int>> &mat) const {
+            return idx[mat];
+        }
+
+      private:
+        indices idx{0, 0};
+        indices d{1, 0};
+        indices x_bounds, y_bounds;
+
+        bool in_bounds(const indices &idx) const {
+            return (x_bounds.x < idx.x && idx.x < x_bounds.y) &&
+                   (y_bounds.x < idx.y && idx.y < y_bounds.y);
+        }
+    };
+
+  public:
+    std::vector<int> spiralOrder(const std::vector<std::vector<int>> &matrix) {
+        std::vector<int> spiral;
+
+        for (spiral_indices idx{matrix}; !idx.done(); ++idx) {
+            spiral.push_back(idx[matrix]);
+        }
+
+        return spiral;
     }
-
-    int operator[](const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& mat) const {
-      return idx[mat];
-    }
-
-   private:
-    indices idx{0, 0};
-    indices d{1, 0};
-    indices x_bounds, y_bounds;
-
-    bool in_bounds(const indices& idx) const {
-      return (x_bounds.x < idx.x && idx.x < x_bounds.y) &&
-             (y_bounds.x < idx.y && idx.y < y_bounds.y);
-    }
-  };
-
- public:
-  std::vector<int> spiralOrder(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& matrix) {
-    std::vector<int> spiral;
-
-    for (spiral_indices idx{matrix}; !idx.done(); ++idx) {
-      spiral.push_back(idx[matrix]);
-    }
-
-    return spiral;
-  }
 };
 
 int main() {
-  Solution s;
+    Solution s;
 
-  assert((s.spiralOrder({{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}) ==
-          std::vector{1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 8, 7, 4, 5}));
-  assert((s.spiralOrder({{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}}) ==
-          std::vector{1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 11, 10, 9, 5, 6, 7}));
+    assert((s.spiralOrder({{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}) ==
+            std::vector{1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 8, 7, 4, 5}));
+    assert((s.spiralOrder({{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}}) ==
+            std::vector{1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 11, 10, 9, 5, 6, 7}));
 
-  return 0;
+    return 0;
 }
diff --git a/cpp/sum-of-absolute-differences-in-a-sorted-array.cpp b/cpp/sum-of-absolute-differences-in-a-sorted-array.cpp
index 7d7e49b..2203608 100644
--- a/cpp/sum-of-absolute-differences-in-a-sorted-array.cpp
+++ b/cpp/sum-of-absolute-differences-in-a-sorted-array.cpp
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-   public:
-    std::vector<int> getSumAbsoluteDifferences(const std::vector<int>& nums) {
+  public:
+    std::vector<int> getSumAbsoluteDifferences(const std::vector<int> &nums) {
         auto total = std::accumulate(nums.begin(), nums.end(), 0);
 
         auto left = 0;
diff --git a/cpp/unique-paths.cpp b/cpp/unique-paths.cpp
index 31c2358..b606bc6 100644
--- a/cpp/unique-paths.cpp
+++ b/cpp/unique-paths.cpp
@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 class Solution {
-    int right(const std::vector<int>& row, int size, int idx) const
-    {
+    int right(const std::vector<int> &row, int size, int idx) const {
         if (idx >= size) {
             return 0;
         }
         return row[idx];
     }
 
-public:
-    int uniquePaths(int m, int n)
-    {
+  public:
+    int uniquePaths(int m, int n) {
         std::vector<int> bottom(n, 1);
 
         for (int y = m - 2; y >= 0; y--) {
diff --git a/cpp/utf-8-validation.cpp b/cpp/utf-8-validation.cpp
index 6097c91..c613ab7 100644
--- a/cpp/utf-8-validation.cpp
+++ b/cpp/utf-8-validation.cpp
@@ -10,27 +10,16 @@ namespace {
 class todo : public std::exception {
     std::string cause;
 
-public:
-    todo()
-        : cause("Not yet implemented!")
-    {
-    }
+  public:
+    todo() : cause("Not yet implemented!") {}
 
-    todo(std::string&& excuse)
-        : cause("Not yet implemented: " + excuse)
-    {
-    }
+    todo(std::string &&excuse) : cause("Not yet implemented: " + excuse) {}
 
-    virtual const char* what() const throw()
-    {
-        return cause.c_str();
-    }
+    virtual const char *what() const throw() { return cause.c_str(); }
 };
 
 auto expected_size(int first) -> std::optional<std::size_t> {
-    static constexpr std::array<int, 4> HEADERS = {
-        0, 6, 14, 30
-    };
+    static constexpr std::array<int, 4> HEADERS = {0, 6, 14, 30};
 
     for (auto i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
         auto mask_length = 1 + i + (i > 0);
@@ -44,14 +33,13 @@ auto expected_size(int first) -> std::optional<std::size_t> {
     return {};
 }
 
-}
+} // namespace
 
 class Solution {
     static constexpr int CONTINUATION_BYTE = 2;
 
-public:
-    auto validUtf8(const std::vector<int>& data) -> bool
-    {
+  public:
+    auto validUtf8(const std::vector<int> &data) -> bool {
         for (auto i = 0; i < data.size();) {
             auto expected_length = expected_size(data[i]);
             if (!expected_length.has_value()) {
@@ -60,7 +48,8 @@ public:
             }
 
             if (i + *expected_length > data.size()) {
-                // std::cout << "unexpected length of size " << data.size() << " ≠ " << *expected_length << "\n";
+                // std::cout << "unexpected length of size " << data.size() << "
+                // ≠ " << *expected_length << "\n";
                 return false;
             }
 
@@ -89,31 +78,27 @@ public:
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-TEST(examples, valid)
-{
+TEST(examples, valid) {
     Solution s;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(s.validUtf8(std::vector { 197, 130, 1 }));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(s.validUtf8(std::vector{197, 130, 1}));
 }
 
-TEST(examples, invalid)
-{
+TEST(examples, invalid) {
     Solution s;
-    ASSERT_FALSE(s.validUtf8(std::vector { 235, 140, 4 }));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(s.validUtf8(std::vector{235, 140, 4}));
 }
 
-TEST(valid, ascii_byte)
-{
+TEST(valid, ascii_byte) {
     Solution s;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(s.validUtf8(std::vector { 64 }));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(s.validUtf8(std::vector{64}));
 }
 
 TEST(invalid, just_one_byte) {
     Solution s;
-    ASSERT_FALSE(s.validUtf8(std::vector {2 << 7}));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(s.validUtf8(std::vector{2 << 7}));
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
     return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }
diff --git a/cpp/valid-anagram.cpp b/cpp/valid-anagram.cpp
index 7836466..a6a729c 100644
--- a/cpp/valid-anagram.cpp
+++ b/cpp/valid-anagram.cpp
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 #include <string>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    bool isAnagram(const std::string& s, const std::string& t) {
+  public:
+    bool isAnagram(const std::string &s, const std::string &t) {
         std::array<int, 26> counter{};
 
         for (char c : s) {
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ public:
             }
         }
 
-        return std::all_of(counter.begin(), counter.end(), [](auto c) {
-            return c == 0;
-        });
+        return std::all_of(counter.begin(), counter.end(),
+                           [](auto c) { return c == 0; });
     }
 };
diff --git a/cpp/valid-parentheses.cpp b/cpp/valid-parentheses.cpp
index 3b8e767..5fdf62f 100644
--- a/cpp/valid-parentheses.cpp
+++ b/cpp/valid-parentheses.cpp
@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    bool isValid(const std::string& s)
-    {
+  public:
+    bool isValid(const std::string &s) {
         std::vector<char> st;
 
         for (auto c : s) {
diff --git a/cpp/vertical-order-traversal-of-a-binary-tree.cpp b/cpp/vertical-order-traversal-of-a-binary-tree.cpp
index 6cd1ecc..46dcb74 100644
--- a/cpp/vertical-order-traversal-of-a-binary-tree.cpp
+++ b/cpp/vertical-order-traversal-of-a-binary-tree.cpp
@@ -5,54 +5,30 @@
 // Definition for a binary tree node.
 struct TreeNode {
     int val;
-    TreeNode* left;
-    TreeNode* right;
-    TreeNode()
-        : val(0)
-        , left(nullptr)
-        , right(nullptr)
-    {
-    }
-    TreeNode(int x)
-        : val(x)
-        , left(nullptr)
-        , right(nullptr)
-    {
-    }
-    TreeNode(int x, TreeNode* left, TreeNode* right)
-        : val(x)
-        , left(left)
-        , right(right)
-    {
-    }
+    TreeNode *left;
+    TreeNode *right;
+    TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
+    TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
+    TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right)
+        : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 };
 
 namespace {
 
 struct TreeNodeHandle {
-    TreeNode* node;
+    TreeNode *node;
     int x;
     int y;
 
-    TreeNodeHandle(TreeNode* node, int x, int y)
-        : node(node)
-        , x(x)
-        , y(y)
-    {
-    }
+    TreeNodeHandle(TreeNode *node, int x, int y) : node(node), x(x), y(y) {}
 
-    bool operator==(const TreeNodeHandle& rhs) const
-    {
+    bool operator==(const TreeNodeHandle &rhs) const {
         return node == rhs.node && x == rhs.x && y == rhs.y;
     }
 
-    int value() const
-    {
-        return node->val;
-    }
+    int value() const { return node->val; }
 
-    bool operator<(const TreeNodeHandle& rhs) const
-    {
+    bool operator<(const TreeNodeHandle &rhs) const {
         if (y != rhs.y) {
             return y < rhs.y;
         }
@@ -66,75 +42,62 @@ struct TreeNodeHandle {
 };
 
 class verticals {
-    TreeNode* root;
+    TreeNode *root;
 
     class verticals_iter {
         std::deque<TreeNodeHandle> queue;
 
-        void advance()
-        {
-            auto& n = queue.front();
+        void advance() {
+            auto &n = queue.front();
 
             if (n.node->left != nullptr) {
                 queue.push_back(TreeNodeHandle(n.node->left, n.x - 1, n.y + 1));
             }
 
             if (n.node->right != nullptr) {
-                queue.push_back(TreeNodeHandle(n.node->right, n.x + 1, n.y + 1));
+                queue.push_back(
+                    TreeNodeHandle(n.node->right, n.x + 1, n.y + 1));
             }
         }
 
-    public:
-        verticals_iter(std::deque<TreeNodeHandle> queue)
-            : queue(queue)
-        {
+      public:
+        verticals_iter(std::deque<TreeNodeHandle> queue) : queue(queue) {
             if (queue.front().node == nullptr) {
                 queue.pop_front();
             }
         }
 
-        bool operator!=(const verticals_iter& other) const
-        {
+        bool operator!=(const verticals_iter &other) const {
             return queue != other.queue;
         }
 
-        verticals_iter operator++()
-        {
+        verticals_iter operator++() {
             advance();
             queue.pop_front();
             return *this;
         }
 
-        TreeNodeHandle& operator*()
-        {
-            return queue.front();
-        }
+        TreeNodeHandle &operator*() { return queue.front(); }
     };
 
-public:
-    verticals(TreeNode* root)
-        : root(root)
-    {
+  public:
+    verticals(TreeNode *root) : root(root) {}
+
+    verticals_iter begin() const {
+        return verticals_iter(std::deque{TreeNodeHandle(root, 0, 0)});
     }
 
-    verticals_iter begin() const
-    {
-        return verticals_iter(std::deque { TreeNodeHandle(root, 0, 0) });
-    }
-
-    verticals_iter end() const
-    {
+    verticals_iter end() const {
         std::deque<TreeNodeHandle> q;
         return verticals_iter(q);
     }
 };
 
-}
+} // namespace
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    std::vector<std::vector<int>> verticalTraversal(TreeNode* root)
-    {
+  public:
+    std::vector<std::vector<int>> verticalTraversal(TreeNode *root) {
         std::map<int, std::vector<TreeNodeHandle>> traversals;
 
         int min_x = 0;
@@ -150,13 +113,13 @@ public:
         std::vector<std::vector<int>> result;
 
         for (int x = min_x; x <= max_x; x++) {
-            auto& v = traversals[x];
+            auto &v = traversals[x];
 
             if (v.size()) {
                 std::sort(v.begin(), v.end());
-                result.push_back(std::vector<int> {});
+                result.push_back(std::vector<int>{});
 
-                for (auto& n : v) {
+                for (auto &n : v) {
                     result.back().push_back(n.value());
                 }
             }
@@ -172,8 +135,7 @@ public:
 
 namespace _tests {
 
-TreeNode* construct_tree(const std::vector<int>& values, std::size_t i = 0)
-{
+TreeNode *construct_tree(const std::vector<int> &values, std::size_t i = 0) {
     if (i >= values.size() || values[i] == -1) {
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -185,8 +147,7 @@ TreeNode* construct_tree(const std::vector<int>& values, std::size_t i = 0)
     return tree;
 }
 
-void destruct_tree(TreeNode* ptr)
-{
+void destruct_tree(TreeNode *ptr) {
     if (ptr == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
@@ -196,46 +157,49 @@ void destruct_tree(TreeNode* ptr)
     delete ptr;
 }
 
-}
+} // namespace _tests
 
-TEST(examples, first)
-{
+TEST(examples, first) {
     Solution s;
 
-    auto t = _tests::construct_tree(std::vector { 3, 9, 20, -1, -1, 15, 7 });
-    EXPECT_EQ(s.verticalTraversal(t), (std::vector { std::vector { 9 }, std::vector { 3, 15 }, std::vector { 20 }, std::vector { 7 } }));
+    auto t = _tests::construct_tree(std::vector{3, 9, 20, -1, -1, 15, 7});
+    EXPECT_EQ(s.verticalTraversal(t),
+              (std::vector{std::vector{9}, std::vector{3, 15}, std::vector{20},
+                           std::vector{7}}));
     _tests::destruct_tree(t);
 }
 
-TEST(examples, second)
-{
+TEST(examples, second) {
     Solution s;
 
-    auto t = _tests::construct_tree(std::vector { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 });
-    EXPECT_EQ(s.verticalTraversal(t), (std::vector { std::vector { 4 }, std::vector { 2 }, std::vector { 1, 5, 6 }, std::vector { 3 }, std::vector { 7 } }));
+    auto t = _tests::construct_tree(std::vector{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
+    EXPECT_EQ(s.verticalTraversal(t),
+              (std::vector{std::vector{4}, std::vector{2}, std::vector{1, 5, 6},
+                           std::vector{3}, std::vector{7}}));
     _tests::destruct_tree(t);
 }
 
-TEST(examples, third)
-{
+TEST(examples, third) {
     Solution s;
 
-    auto t = _tests::construct_tree(std::vector { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5, 7 });
-    EXPECT_EQ(s.verticalTraversal(t), (std::vector { std::vector { 4 }, std::vector { 2 }, std::vector { 1, 5, 6 }, std::vector { 3 }, std::vector { 7 } }));
+    auto t = _tests::construct_tree(std::vector{1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5, 7});
+    EXPECT_EQ(s.verticalTraversal(t),
+              (std::vector{std::vector{4}, std::vector{2}, std::vector{1, 5, 6},
+                           std::vector{3}, std::vector{7}}));
     _tests::destruct_tree(t);
 }
 
-TEST(submission, first)
-{
+TEST(submission, first) {
     Solution s;
 
-    auto t = _tests::construct_tree(std::vector { 3, 1, 4, 0, 2, 2 });
-    EXPECT_EQ(s.verticalTraversal(t), (std::vector { std::vector { 0 }, std::vector { 1 }, std::vector { 3, 2, 2 }, std::vector { 4 } }));
+    auto t = _tests::construct_tree(std::vector{3, 1, 4, 0, 2, 2});
+    EXPECT_EQ(s.verticalTraversal(t),
+              (std::vector{std::vector{0}, std::vector{1}, std::vector{3, 2, 2},
+                           std::vector{4}}));
     _tests::destruct_tree(t);
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
     return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }
diff --git a/cpp/widest-vertical-area-between-two-points-containing-no-points.cpp b/cpp/widest-vertical-area-between-two-points-containing-no-points.cpp
index 8641575..3cadfd6 100644
--- a/cpp/widest-vertical-area-between-two-points-containing-no-points.cpp
+++ b/cpp/widest-vertical-area-between-two-points-containing-no-points.cpp
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 #include <set>
 
 class Solution {
-public:
-    int maxWidthOfVerticalArea(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& points) {
+  public:
+    int maxWidthOfVerticalArea(const std::vector<std::vector<int>> &points) {
         std::set<int> seen;
-        for (const auto& point : points) {
+        for (const auto &point : points) {
             seen.insert(point[0]);
         }