#pragma region includes #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #pragma endregion includes #pragma region helpers #pragma region aliases #define LOOP(var, n) for (auto var = 0; var < n; ++var) template using V = std::vector; template using M = std::map; template using S = std::set; template using Q = std::deque; using i8 = std::int8_t; using u8 = std::uint8_t; using i16 = std::int16_t; using u16 = std::uint16_t; using i32 = std::int32_t; using u32 = std::uint32_t; using i64 = std::int64_t; using u64 = std::uint64_t; #pragma endregion /* aliases */ #pragma region data structures template struct max_heap { using container = std::vector; typename container::size_type size() const { return h.size(); } void push(T item) { h.push_back(item); std::push_heap(h.begin(), h.end()); } T pop() { std::pop_heap(h.begin(), h.end()); T item = std::move(h.back()); h.pop_back(); return item; } private: container h; }; template struct min_heap { using container = std::vector; typename container::size_type size() const { return h.size(); } void push(T item) { h.push_back(item); std::push_heap(h.begin(), h.end(), std::greater<>{}); } T pop() { std::pop_heap(h.begin(), h.end(), std::greater<>{}); T item = std::move(h.back()); h.pop_back(); return item; } private: container h; }; #pragma endregion /* data structures */ #pragma region debug void dbg_out() { std::cerr << std::endl; } template void dbg_out(Head H, Tail... T) { std::cerr << ' ' << H; dbg_out(T...); } #ifdef _MF_TEST #define dbg(...) \ std::cerr << '[' << __FILE__ << ':' << __LINE__ << "] (" << #__VA_ARGS__ \ << "):", \ dbg_out(__VA_ARGS__) #else #define dbg(...) #endif #pragma endregion debug #pragma region functional // http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2016/p0200r0.html template class y_combinator_result { Fun fun_; public: template explicit y_combinator_result(T &&fun) : fun_(std::forward(fun)) {} template decltype(auto) operator()(Args &&...args) { return fun_(std::ref(*this), std::forward(args)...); } }; template decltype(auto) y_combinator(Fun &&fun) { return y_combinator_result>(std::forward(fun)); } #pragma endregion /* functional */ #pragma region input template void collect(Container &c, std::size_t size) { auto it = std::inserter(c, c.begin()); for (auto i = 0u; i < size; ++i) { typename Container::value_type x; std::cin >> x; it = std::move(x); } } template Container collect(std::size_t size) { Container c{}; collect(c, size); return c; } template std::map collect_count(std::size_t size) { std::map counts; for (auto i = 0u; i < size; ++i) { T x; std::cin >> x; ++counts[x]; } return counts; } #pragma endregion /* input */ #pragma region math long pow(long base, long exp) { if (exp == 0) return 1; long half = pow(base, exp / 2); if (exp % 2 == 0) return half * half; return half * half * base; } template T isqrt(T x) { assert(x >= 0); auto max_shift = 8 * sizeof(T) - 1; auto shift = (max_shift - std::countl_zero(x)) & ~1; auto bit = 1 << shift; T result = 0; while (bit != 0) { if (x >= (result + bit)) { x -= result + bit; result = (result >> 1) + bit; } else { result = (result >> 1); } bit = bit >> 2; } return result; } template struct Z { Z(std::int64_t x = 0) : x(x % MODULO) {} Z pow(std::uint32_t exp) const { auto ans = 1; auto base = x; for (; exp > 0; exp >>= 1) { if (exp % 2 == 1) { ans *= base; } base *= base; } return ans; } Z inv() const { assert(x != 0); return pow(MODULO - 2); } Z operator-() const { return {-x}; } Z operator+=(const Z &rhs) { x = (x + rhs.x) % MODULO; } Z operator-=(const Z &rhs) { x = (x - rhs.x) % MODULO; } Z operator*=(const Z &rhs) { x = (x * rhs.x) % MODULO; } Z operator/=(const Z &rhs) { x = (x * rhs.inv().x) % MODULO; } friend Z operator+(Z lhs, const Z &rhs) { return lhs += rhs; } friend Z operator-(Z lhs, const Z &rhs) { return lhs -= rhs; } friend Z operator*(Z lhs, const Z &rhs) { return lhs *= rhs; } friend Z operator/(Z lhs, const Z &rhs) { return lhs /= rhs; } friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, Z &z) { is >> z.x; z.x %= MODULO; return is; } friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Z &z) { return os << z.x; } private: std::int64_t x; }; #pragma endregion /* math */ #pragma region output template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, std::pair const &p) { return os << p.first << " " << p.second; } template ::value, typename C::value_type>::type> std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const C &v) { std::string sep; for (const T &x : v) { os << sep << x, sep = " "; } return os; } template inline void answer(const T &ans) { #ifdef _MF_TEST std::cout << "Answer: "; #endif std::cout << ans << "\n"; } inline void yes() { answer("YES"); } inline void no() { answer("NO"); } inline void yesno(bool ans) { answer(ans ? "YES" : "NO"); } #pragma endregion /* output */ #pragma region rng std::mt19937 rng(std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); #pragma endregion /* rng */ #pragma endregion /* helpers */ // for ‹N› test cases, uncomment for single test case // #define SINGLE namespace solution { using namespace std; void solve() { // TODO dbg("Hello from debug"); answer("Hello"); } void tests() { // TODO } } // namespace solution using namespace solution; #ifdef _MF_UNIT_TESTS int main(void) { tests(); return 0; } #else int main(void) { int N = 1; #ifndef SINGLE std::cin >> N; #endif while (N-- > 0) { solve(); } return 0; } #endif