diff --git a/.common/rust/src/main.rs b/.common/rust/src/main.rs
index a931f20..66f78ac 100644
--- a/.common/rust/src/main.rs
+++ b/.common/rust/src/main.rs
@@ -40,31 +40,118 @@ fn main() {
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 mod math {
-    const MOD: i64 = 1_000_000_007;
+    #[derive(Copy, Clone, Default)]
+    pub struct Z(i64);
 
-    pub fn add(a: i64, b: i64) -> i64 {
-        (a + b) % MOD
-    }
+    impl Z {
+        const MOD: i64 = 1_000_000_007;
 
-    pub fn sub(a: i64, b: i64) -> i64 {
-        ((a - b) % MOD + MOD) % MOD
-    }
-
-    pub fn mul(a: i64, b: i64) -> i64 {
-        (a * b) % MOD
-    }
-
-    pub fn exp(b: i64, e: i64) -> i64 {
-        if e == 0 {
-            return 1;
+        pub fn new(x: i64) -> Z {
+            Z(x.rem_euclid(Z::MOD))
         }
 
-        let half = exp(b, e / 2);
-        if e % 2 == 0 {
-            return mul(half, half);
+        pub fn pow(self, mut exp: u32) -> Z {
+            let mut ans = Z::new(1);
+            let mut base = self;
+            while exp > 0 {
+                if exp % 2 == 1 {
+                    ans *= base;
+                }
+                base *= base;
+                exp >>= 1;
+            }
+            ans
         }
 
-        mul(half, mul(half, b))
+        pub fn inv(self) -> Z {
+            assert_ne!(self.0, 0);
+            self.pow((Z::MOD - 2) as u32)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl std::ops::Neg for Z {
+        type Output = Z;
+
+        fn neg(self) -> Z {
+            Z::new(-self.0)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl std::ops::Add<Z> for Z {
+        type Output = Z;
+
+        fn add(self, rhs: Z) -> Z {
+            Z::new(self.0 + rhs.0)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl std::ops::Sub<Z> for Z {
+        type Output = Z;
+
+        fn sub(self, rhs: Z) -> Z {
+            Z::new(self.0 - rhs.0)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl std::ops::Mul<Z> for Z {
+        type Output = Z;
+
+        fn mul(self, rhs: Z) -> Z {
+            Z::new(self.0 * rhs.0)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl std::ops::Div<Z> for Z {
+        type Output = Z;
+
+        fn div(self, rhs: Z) -> Z {
+            #![allow(clippy::suspicious_arithmetic_impl)]
+            self * rhs.inv()
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl std::ops::AddAssign<Z> for Z {
+        fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Z) {
+            *self = *self + rhs;
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl std::ops::SubAssign<Z> for Z {
+        fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: Z) {
+            *self = *self - rhs;
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl std::ops::MulAssign<Z> for Z {
+        fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: Z) {
+            *self = *self * rhs;
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl std::ops::DivAssign<Z> for Z {
+        fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: Z) {
+            *self = *self / rhs;
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl std::fmt::Display for Z {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+            self.0.fmt(f)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl std::fmt::Debug for Z {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+            self.0.fmt(f)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl std::str::FromStr for Z {
+        type Err = std::num::ParseIntError;
+
+        fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+            Ok(Z::new(s.parse()?))
+        }
     }
 
     /// A trait implementing the unsigned bit shifts.